Carsharing: Difference between revisions

Carsharing can provide numerous transportation, land use, environmental, and social benefits.<ref>{{cite journal|first=Susan A. |last=Shaheen |first2=Adam P. |last2=Cohen |first3=Mellisa S. |last3=Chung |title=North American Carsharing: 10-Year Retrospective |url= http://escholarship.org/uc/item/5k56406d?query=North%20American%20Carsharing |journal=Transportation Research Record |volume=2010 |pages=35–44 |accessdate=14 November 2015}}</ref> Neighborhood carsharing is often promoted as an alternative to owning a car where [[public transit]], walking, and [[cycling]] can be used most of the time and a car is only necessary for out-of-town trips, moving large items, or special occasions. It can also be an alternative to owning multiple cars for households with more than one driver. A long-term study of [[City CarShare]] members found that 30 percent of households that joined sold a car; others delayed purchasing one. Transit use, bicycling, and walking also increased among members.<ref>{{cite web|url= http://escholarship.org/uc/item/7fn8966c?query=City%20CarShare |first=Robert |last=Cervero |authorlink=Robert Cervero|first2=Aaron |last2=Golub |first3=Brendan |last3=Nee |title=City CarShare: Longer-Term Travel Demand and Car Ownership Impacts |year=2007 |publisher=Institute of Urban and Regional Development University of California at Berkeley |accessdate=14 November 2015}}</ref> [[City CarShare]]'s early adopters were found to be mostly non-car-owners, resulting in increased car-miles traveled one-year into the program <ref>{{cite |first=Robert |last=Cervero |authorlink=Robert Cervero|title=City CarShare: First Year Travel-Demand Impacts| journal=Transportation Research Record |volume=1839 |year=2003|pages=159–166}}</ref>; two years into the program, car-sharing began to enter the mainstream of San Francisco's traveling public, prompting many families to give up second cars<ref>{{cite |first1=Robert |last1=Cervero |authorlink=Robert Cervero|first2=Y. |last1=Tsai|title=City CarShare in San Francisco, California: Second-Year Travel Demand and Car Ownerhsip Impacts| journal=Transportation Research Record |volume=1887 |year=2004|pages=117–127}}</ref>, and by year five, nearly a third of Car-Share[[City CarShare]]'s member households had shed a private motorized vehicle.<ref>{{cite|first=Robert |last=Cervero |authorlink=Robert Cervero|first2=Aaron |last2=Golub |first3=Brendan |last3=Nee |title=City CarShare: Longer-Term Travel Demand and Car Ownership Impacts |year=2007 |journal=Transportation Research Record |year=2007 |volume=1992 |pages=70-90}}</ref> A study of driving behavior of members from major carsharing organizations found an average decline in 27% of annual vehicle kilometres travelled (VKT).<ref>{{cite journal|last=Shaheen|first=S.|first2=E. |last2=Martin |first3=J. |last3=Lidicker|title=Impact of Carsharing Household Vehicle Holdings |journal=Transportation Research Record |year=2010 |volume=2143 |pages=150–158|url= http://escholarship.org/uc/item/7w58646d?query=Impact%20of%20Carsharing |doi=10.3141/2143-19 |accessdate=14 November 2015}}</ref> That said, it is important to note that the success of carsharing programs depends on if it provides the consumers with "better mobility or sufficient mobility at reduced cost." <ref name="auto">{{Cite web|url=http://innovativemobility.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/SharedMobility_WhitePaper_FINAL.pdf|title=Shared Mobility: Definitions, Industry Developments, and Early Understanding|last=Shaheen|first=Susan|last2=Chan|first2=Nelson|date=|website=Innovative Mobility Research|access-date=|last3=Bansal|first3=Apaar|last4=Cohen|first4=Adam}}</ref>