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==Origin==
The Sergii claimed descent from [[Sergestus]], one of the [[Troy|Trojans]] who came to Italy with [[Aeneas]], a tradition mentioned by [[Virgil|Vergil]] in the [[Aeneid]].<ref>Vergil, ''Aeneid'', v. 121.</ref><ref name="DGRBM Sergia Gens"/> The etymology of the [[Roman naming conventions#Nomen|nomen]] ''Sergius'' is problematic. Chase hesitantly suggests a connection with the [[praenomen]] ''[[Servius (praenomen)|Servius]]'', probably from an old [[Latin]] root meaning to preserve or keep safe. He classifies the nomen with other gentilicia that either originated at Rome, or cannot be shown to have come from anywhere else.<ref>Chase, pp. 131, 154, 155.</ref> However, the [[cognomen]] ''Fidenas'', borne by the first branch of this gens appearing in history, may indicate that they originally came from [[Fidenae]], where Roman [[Colonia (Roman)|colonies]] had been planted for centuries.<ref name="DGRBM Fidenas">''Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology'', vol. II, p. 149 ("Fidenas")</ref>
==Branches and cognomina==
The
'''Fidenas''', the surname of the oldest distinct family of the Sergii, is said to have been obtained by Lucius Sergius Fidenas, the consul of 437 BC. The year before his consulship, the Romans had put down a revolt at Fidenae, an ancient [[Latins (Italic tribe)|Latin]] city about five miles north of Rome; the implication perhaps being that Sergius had participated in the recovery of the city. However, it may be that Sergius, or one of his ancestors, was a native of that city, where a Roman colony was said to have existed since the early [[Roman Kingdom|monarchial period]].<ref>Livy, i. 27.</ref><ref name="DGRBM Fidenas"/> One of the Fidenates bore the additional surname ''Coxo'', applied to one with prominent hips.<ref>Chase, p. 110.</ref>
'''Esquilinus''' originally designated someone who lived on the [[Esquiline Hill]], one of the [[Seven Hills of Rome]], may have been a personal cognomen, as only one of the Sergii is known to have borne it. This cognomen belongs to a common class of surnames derived from the place of a person's origin or residence.<ref>''Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology'', vol. II, p. 53 ("Esquilinus").</ref><ref>Chase, pp. 113, 114.</ref>
==Members==
{{Filiation}}
* [[Lucius Sergius Esquilinus]],{{efn-lr|Esquilinus' praenomen is very uncertain. [[Livy]] first calls the decemvir ''Marcus'', then later refers to him as ''Lucius''. [[Dionysius of Halicarnassus|Dionysius]] gives ''Marcus'', but [[Diodorus Siculus|Diodorus]] has ''Gaius''. His praenomen has not been preserved in the ''[[Fasti Capitolini]]''.}} a member of the [[decemviri|second decemvirate]] in 450 and 449 BC.<ref>Livy, iii. 35, 41.</ref><ref>Dionysius, xi. 23.</ref><ref>Diodorus Siculus, xii. 24.</ref><ref name="Fasti Capitolini">''[[Fasti Capitolini]]'', {{AE|1900|83}}; 1904, 114; {{AE|1927|101}}; 1940, 59, 60.</ref><ref>Broughton, vol. I, pp. 46, 47 (note 3).</ref>
* Sergia, one of a group of Roman matrons accused as poisoners in 331 BC.
* Marcus Sergius, a military tribune sent to [[Reggio Calabria|Rhegium]] by [[Scipio Africanus]] in 205 BC. There he was murdered by the [[promagistrate|propraetor]] [[Quintus Pleminius]].<ref>Livy, xxix. 6, 9.</ref>
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* Gaius Sergius Plancus, [[praetor]] ''urbanus'' in 200 BC; the following year he was appointed propraetor for distributing land to the veterans of the war in [[Hispania]], [[Corsica and Sardinia|Sardinia]], and [[Sicilia (Roman province)|Sicily]].<ref>Livy, xxxi. 4, 6, xxxii. 1.</ref>
* Quintus Sergius, a [[Roman Senate|senator]] who lived at the time of the [[Social War (91–88 BC)|Social War]], was condemned ''inter sicarios''; that is, by a court of inquiry into those accused of being assassins.<ref>Cicero, ''Pro Cluentio'', 7.</ref>
* [[Catiline|Lucius Sergius Catilina]], better known as ''Catiline'',
* Sergia, the sister of Catiline, and widow of the [[equites|eques]] Quintus Caecilius, who had perished in [[Sulla|Sulla's]] proscriptions.<ref>Quintus Tullius Cicero, ''De Petitione Consulatus'', 2.</ref><ref>Asconius Pedianus, ''In Ciceronis in Toga Candida'', p. 84 (ed. [[Johann Caspar von Orelli|Orelli]]).</ref>
* Lucius Sergius, one of Catiline's accomplices, who supplied him with weaponry. He later fell in with [[Publius Clodius Pulcher]].<ref>Cicero, ''De Domo Sua'', 5, 33.</ref>
* Sergius, one of those proscribed by the [[Second Triumvirate|triumvirs]], sought the assistance of [[Mark Antony|Marcus Antonius]], who was able to procure his pardon.<ref>Appian, ''Bellum Civile'', iv. 45.</ref>
* [[Sergius Orata|Gaius Sergius Orata]], a wealthy merchant and
* [[Sergius Paulus|Lucius Sergius Paulus]], [[proconsul]] of [[Ancient history of Cyprus|Cyprus]] in the time of [[Claudius]].<ref>''Easton's Bible Dictionary'', "Sergius Paulus".</ref>
* Sergius, the son of Aphthonius, is described in the [[Suda]] as a consular who served as [[praetorian prefect]]. He was a native of [[Zeugma, Commagene|Zeugma]], and had a brother, Sabinus. Sergius wrote a treatise in opposition to [[Aelius Aristides]].<ref>Suda.</ref>
* Sergius, a [[Latin]] grammarian, and the author of ''In Primam Donati Editionem Commentarium'' and ''In Secundam Donati Editionem Commentaria''.<ref>''Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology'', vol. III, p. 788 ("Sergius").</ref>
===Sergii Fidenates===
* [[Lucius Sergius Fidenas|Lucius Sergius C. f. C. n. Fidenas]], consul in 437 and 429 BC, and [[tribuni militum consulari potestate|consular tribune]] in 433, 424, and 418.<ref>Livy, iv. 17, 25, 30, 35, 45.</ref><ref>Diodorus Siculus, xii. 43, 58, 73, 82, xiii. 2.</ref>
* Manius Sergius L. f. L. n. Fidenas, consular tribune in 404 BC, during which year he and his colleagues captured and destroyed the [[Volsci]]an town of [[Artena]]. Consular tribune for the second time in 402 BC, personal enmity between Sergius and his colleague, Lucius Verginius, led to a Roman defeat and the evacuation of one of the Roman fortifications in the siege of [[Veii]]. The following year, Sergius and Verginius were prosecuted by the [[Tribune of the Plebs|tribunes of the plebs]], and fined ten thousand [[as (Roman coin)|asses]] apiece.<ref>Livy, iv. 61, v. 8, 9, 11, 12.</ref><ref>Diodorus Siculus, xiv. 19, 38.</ref>
* Lucius Sergius M'. f. L. n. Fidenas, consular tribune in 397 BC.<ref>Livy, v. 16.</ref><ref>Diodorus Siculus, xiv. 85.</ref>
* Gaius Sergius Fidenas,{{efn-lr|Livy gives his praenomen as ''Gaius'', but a fragment of the ''Fasti Capitolini'' appears to give ''Gnaeus''.}} surnamed ''Coxo'', consular tribune in 387, 385, and 380 BC.<ref>Livy, vi. 5, 11, 27.</ref><ref name="Fasti Capitolini"/>
==Footnotes==
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==Bibliography==
* [[Cicero|Marcus Tullius Cicero]], ''De Domo Sua'', ''[[Epistulae ad Atticum]]'', ''[[Epistulae ad Familiares]]'', ''[[In Catilinam]]'', ''In Pisonem'', ''[[Pro Cluentio]]'', ''Pro Flacco'', ''Pro Murena'', ''Pro Plancio''.
* [[Quintus Tullius Cicero]], ''[[Commentariolum Petitionis|De Petitione Consulatus]]'' (attributed).
* Gaius Sallustius Crispus ([[Sallust]]), ''Bellum Catilinae'' (The Conspiracy of Catiline).
* [[Diodorus Siculus]], ''[[Bibliotheca historica|Bibliotheca Historica]]'' (Library of History).
* Publius Vergilius Maro ([[Virgil|Vergil]]), ''Aeneid''.
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* Titus Livius ([[Livy]]), ''[[Ab Urbe Condita Libri (Livy)|History of Rome]]''.
* [[Asconius Pedianus|Quintus Asconius Pedianus]], ''Commentarius in Oratio Ciceronis [[In Toga Candida]]'' (Commentary on Cicero's Oration ''In Toga Candida'').
* Lucius Mestrius Plutarchus ([[Plutarch]]), ''[[Parallel Lives|Lives of the Noble Greeks and Romans]]''.
* [[Suetonius|Gaius Suetonius Tranquillus]], ''[[The Twelve Caesars|De Vita Caesarum]]'' (Lives of the Caesars, or The Twelve Caesars).
* Appianus Alexandrinus ([[Appian]]), ''Bellum Civile'' (The Civil War).
* ''[[Suda]]''.
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