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The '''Canindé River''' is an intermittent stream flowing into the [[Parnaiba River]] near [[Amarante]] in the State of [[Piauí]] in [[northeastern Brazil]]. The stream flows from headwaters in [[Serra Dois Irmãos]], municipality of [[Acauã]] near [[Afranio]], [[Pernambuco]] northwest into Piauí then through [[Paulistana]], Oeiras and Amarante on the junction of the Canindé with the Parnaiba. [[Oeiras Municipality, Piauí|Oeiras]] is the main commercial center in the Canindé River valley. The [[biome]] type along the river is [[caatinga]], which is composed of typical Northeastern Brazilian semiarid vegetation. The river and fauna and flora of the environs were described by the German naturalists [[Johann Baptist von Spix]] and [[Carl Friedrich Philipp von Martius]] during their travels in Brazil in April and May, 1819.<ref>{{cite book|title=Travels in Brazil in the years 1817-1820|first=Spix & Martius|year=1824-1831|volume=2|section=Book seventh Chapter 2}}</ref>
The Canindé and its tributary the [[Piauí River]]{{#tag:ref|Originally ''Piauhi'', the river from which the province derives its name|group=Note}} which enters it about 125 km below Oeiras, constitute what is often referred to as the Caninde-Piaui river system. The Caninde / Piauí River basin with an area of approximately 75,000 km2, is the largest sub-basin (29.7%) of the Parnaíba River Basin, which constitutes 98.3% of the land area of the State of Piaui.
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