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[[Image:JohannFriedrichReichardtMusikerS130.jpg|thumb|200px|Johann Friedrich Reichardt]]
'''Johann Friedrich Reichardt''' (25 November 1752 – 27 June 1814) was a [[Germany|German]] [[composer]], [[writer]] and [[music critic]].
==Early life==
Reichardt was born in [[Königsberg]], [[East Prussia]], to [[lutenist]] and ''Stadtmusiker'' Johann Reichardt (1720–1780). Johann Friedrich began his musical training, in [[violin]], [[Keyboard instrument|keyboard]], and [[lute]], as a child. He was a student of [[Timofey Belogradsky]], who in turn was a student of [[Sylvius Leopold Weiss]]. When Reichardt was ten years old, his father took the choir in which he sang, the ''"Wunderknaben"'', on a concert tour in [[East Prussia]].
After being encouraged by [[Immanuel Kant]], Reichardt later studied [[Jurisprudence]] and [[Philosophy]] in his hometown and in [[Leipzig]] from 1769 to 1771. In 1771, he escaped civil service by embarking on a Sturm-und-Drang tour as a virtuoso. He returned to Königsberg in 1774 and became the ''Kammersekretär'' (Chamber Secretary) in [[Ragnit]]. After Reichardt sent his opera ''Le feste galanti'' as a sample piece to [[Friedrich II of Prussia|Friedrich II]], he was appointed to the position of the Royal Prussian Court [[Kapellmeister]], a position previously held by [[Carl Heinrich Graun]]. Two years later he already withdrew from the job and married the singer, pianist and [[Lieder]] composer [[Juliane Reichardt|Juliane Benda]], a daughter of [[Frantisek Benda]]. Of their progeny was one daughter, [[Louise Reichardt]] (11 April 1779, Berlin – 17 November 1826, Hamburg), who became a noted songwriter, and a son, Wilhelm (1777–1782).
==Later career==
On the return from his first trip to [[Italy]] in 1783, Reichardt stopped in [[Vienna]], where he met [[Joseph II, Holy Roman Emperor|Kaiser Joseph II]] and [[Christoph Willibald Gluck]]. Further musical trips to [[France]] and [[England]] did not produce anticipated success, he therefore returned unwillingly to Berlin. In 1786, he developed close friendships with [[Johann Wolfgang von Goethe]], [[Johann Gottfried Herder]], [[Friedrich Schiller]] and [[Johann Georg Hamann]].
Further attempts to gain new ground in Paris failed, yet he had become zealous with revolutionary ideas. After the appearance of his ''Vertrauten Briefe'' (Intimate Letters) in 1792, he was released in 1794 without pay from his position as Court Kapellmeister for being sympathetic to the [[French Revolution]]. He lived first in [[Hamburg]], where he released the journal ''Frankreich'', but from 1794, he lived in Giebichenstein near [[Halle, Saxony-Anhalt|Halle]]. In 1796, he was pardoned for his support of the revolution and appointed to the post of the director of the saline (salt mine) in Halle. From there, he often traveled to Berlin to lead the premieres of his compositions.
Another trip to Paris in 1802 lessened his fascination for the French and French politics considerably: he became an opponent of [[Napoleon]]. Four years later, when his manor was plundered by French troops, he fled to [[Danzig]] where he was active as a patriot and freedom fighter. Napoleon's brother [[Jérôme Bonaparte|Jérôme]], located in [[Kassel]], allowed Reichardt to return and named him to Theater Director in 1807. This lasted only nine months. In November 1809, he traveled to Vienna looking for success. After experiencing the music of [[Haydn]], [[Mozart]] and [[Beethoven]], he became receptive to the [[Classical music era|Viennese Classic]], although he was too late. However, he soon returned to Giebichenstein where he died alone, from a gastric illness. His stage works were quickly forgotten after his death but his strophic Lieder and Ballads ''im Volkston'' (in folk style) enjoyed considerable popularity throughout the 19th century, aided by the [[Wandervogel]] movement.
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===Writings===
*''Briefe eines aufmerksamen Reisenden, die Musik betreffend'' (
*''Über die deutsche komische Oper'' (1774) (About German [[Comic opera]])
*''Musikalische Kunstmagazin'' (1781–1792) (Musical Art Magazine)
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==External links==
* {{IMSLP|id=Reichardt, Johann Friedrich}}
{{Berlin State Opera conductors}}
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{{Authority control|VIAF=66652878}}
{{Persondata <!-- Metadata: see [[Wikipedia:Persondata]]. -->
| NAME = Reichardt, Johann Friedrich
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES =
| SHORT DESCRIPTION = German composer and writer
| DATE OF BIRTH = 25 November 1752
| PLACE OF BIRTH =
| |||