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===East and West Germany===
{{Main|History of Germany (1945–1990)}}
[[File:Map-Germany-1945.svg|thumb|left|[[Allied Occupation Zones in Germany|Occupation zone]]s in Germany, 1947. The territories east of the [[Oder-Neisse line]], under Polish and Soviet ''de jure'' administration and ''de facto'' annexation, are shown as white as is the detached [[Saar (protectorate)|Saar protectorate]].]]
After the surrender of Germany, the remaining German territory and Berlin were partitioned by the [[Allies of World War II|Allies]] into four military occupation zones. The western sectors, controlled by France, the United Kingdom, and the United States, were merged on 23 May 1949 to form the ''[[West Germany|Federal Republic of Germany]]'' (''Bundesrepublik Deutschland''); on 7 October 1949, the Soviet Zone became the ''[[East Germany|German Democratic Republic]]'' (''Deutsche Demokratische Republik'', or DDR). They were informally known as "West Germany" and "East Germany". East Germany selected East Berlin as its capital, while West Germany chose [[Bonn]] as a provisional capital, to emphasise its stance that the two-state solution was an artificial and temporary ''status quo''.<ref>{{cite book | last = Wise | first = Michael Z. | title = Capital dilemma: Germany's search for a new architecture of democracy| year = 1998| publisher = Princeton Architectural Press | isbn =978-1-56898-134-5 | page = 23}}</ref>
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