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[[Image:YardenHarari.jpg|thumb|left|The [[Jordan river]]]]
Despite its small size, Israel is home to a variety of geographic features, from the [[Negev]] desert in the south to the mountain ranges of the [[Galilee]], [[Mount Carmel|Carmel]], and the [[Golan Heights|Golan]] in the north. The [[Israeli Coastal Plain]] on the shores of the Mediterranean is home to seventy percent of the nation's population.
East of the central highlands lies the [[Jordan Rift Valley]], which forms a small part of the 6,500-kilometer (4,040-mi) [[Great Rift Valley]]. The [[Jordan River]] runs along the Jordan Rift Valley, from [[Mount Hermon]] through the [[Hulah Valley]] and the [[Sea of Galilee]] to the [[Dead Sea]], the lowest point on the surface of the Earth.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mfa.gov.il/MFA/MFAArchive/1990_1999/1999/4/FOCUS%20on%20Israel-%20The%20Living%20Dead%20Sea |publisher=Israel Ministry of Foreign Affairs |accessdate=2007-07-20 |date=1999-04-01 |title=The Living Dead Sea}}</ref> Further south is the [[Arabah]], ending with the [[Gulf of Eilat]], part of the [[Red Sea]]. [[Image:NahalPratDargotViewByEranGalil.jpg|right|thumb|AnView [[oasis]]from inthe Israeli coast of the [[JudeanDead DesertSea]].]]Unique to Israel and the [[Sinai Peninsula]] are [[makhtesh]]im, or erosion cirques.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://whc.unesco.org/en/tentativelists/1486/ |publisher=UNESCO |title=Makhteshim Country |accessdate=2007-09-19}}</ref> The largest makhtesh in the world is [[Ramon Crater]] in the Negev,<ref>{{harvnb|Jacobs|1998|p=284}}. "The extraordinary Makhtesh Ramon&nbsp;– the largest natural crater in the world..."</ref> which measures 40&nbsp;kilometers by 8&nbsp;kilometers (25&nbsp;mi by 5&nbsp;mi).<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.bgu.ac.il/desert_ecology/ramon/ |publisher=Ben-Gurion University of the Negev |title=Ramon R&D Center |accessdate=2007-09-19}}{{Dead link|date=October 2008}}</ref> A report on the environmental status of the Mediterranean basin states that Israel has the largest number of plant species per square meter of all the countries in the basin.<ref name=rinat>{{Cite news
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