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==History==
Although it is true that Leiden is an old city, its claimed connection with [[Ancient Rome|Roman]] [[Lugdunum Batavorum]] is spurious;{{Fact|date=January 2008}} Roman Lugdunum is actually the modern town of [[Katwijk]]{{Fact|date=January 2008}}, whereas the Roman settlement near modern Leiden was called Matilo.[[Image:Windmill_Leiden.jpg|thumb|left|200px|Windmill in Leiden.]] However, there was a Roman fortress in Leiden in the 4th century.
Leiden formed on an artificial hill at the confluence of the rivers Oude and Nieuwe Rijn (Old and New Rhine). In the oldest reference to this, from circa 860, the settlement was called ''Leithon''. The landlord of Leiden, situated in a stronghold on the hill, was initially subject to the Bishop of Utrecht but around 1100 the [[burgrave]]s became subject to the county of Holland. This county got its name in 1101 from a domain near the stronghold: ''Holtland'' or ''Holland''.
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