Himarë: Difference between revisions

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Kinley (2021) doesn't discuss such an event
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When the [[Greek War of Independence]] (1821–1830) broke out, the people of Himarë rose in revolt.<ref>Pappas, 1991: [https://books.google.com/books?id=eAW5AAAAIAAJ&q=%22Some+joined+existing+units+and+became+ranking+officers%2C+%22 p. 318]: "Following the failure of an insurrection in Cheimarra in 1821"</ref> The local uprising failed, but many Himariots, veterans of the [[Russian Empire|Russian]] and [[France|French]] Army, joined the revolutionary forces in today southern Greece, where they played a significant role in the struggle.<ref>Banac, Ackerman, Szporluk, Vucinich, 1981: [https://books.google.com/books?id=2tuCAAAAIAAJ&q=Melios p.46]: "Cheimarriote veterans played a significant role in the Greek War of Independence (1821-1830)"</ref> Many Himariots also joined the revolutionary movement in Greece via Greek commities formed in the Ionian Islands.<ref>Banac, Ackerman, Szporluk, Vucinich, 1981: 46</ref> In 1854, during the [[Crimean War]], a major local [[Epirus Revolt of 1854|rebellion broke out]], with Himarë being one of the first towns that joined it. Although the newly founded Greek state tried tacitly to support it, the rebellion was suppressed by Ottoman forces after a few months.<ref>Sakellariou, 1997, [https://books.google.com/books?id=UV1oAAAAMAAJ&q=Cheimara+Tsamantas p. 288].</ref><ref>{{cite book |last=Reid |first=James J.|title=Crisis of the Ottoman Empire: prelude to collapse 1839-1878 |publisher=Franz Steiner Verlag|year=2000 | ref=Reid |isbn=978-3-515-07687-6 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Zgg6c_Ndtu4C&q=Russo-Turkish+War+1878+Greeks&pg=PA182}}</ref> The Himariots were continuously held suspicious of supporting the [[Megali Idea|expansionist plans]] of Greece in the region, especially during the era of the [[Albanian national awakening]].<ref>{{cite thesis|last1=Skoulidas|first1=Ilias|title=The Relations Between the Greeks and the Albanians during the 19th Century: Political Aspirations and Visions (1875-1897)|journal=Didaktorika.gr|date=2001|page=222|doi=10.12681/eadd/12856|publisher=[[University of Ioannina]]|quote=Οι Χειμαριώτες θεωρούνταν διαρκώς ύποπτοι ευρύτερων ανατρεπτικών σχεδίων στην περιοχή, τα οποία θα εκπορεύονταν από την Ελλάδα.|hdl=10442/hedi/12856|hdl-access=free}}<!--|access-date=11 November 2015--></ref>
 
The leader of Albanian independence, [[Eqrem Vlora]], wrote at the turn of the 19th century that among Himariots there were only 3,000 who had always been Greek-speaking. According to him, they were of a single Greek line of descent, regardless how old it was.<ref>{{harvnb|Kyriazis|2016|p=12|ps=: "Μήπως ήταν λιγότερο φιλόπατρις ο Eqrem bej Vlora όταν, αναφερόμενος στους κατοίκους της Χιμάρας, έγραφε στα Απομνημονευματά του ότι «Ανάμεσά τους είναι μόνο 3000 άτομα που μιλούσαν ανέκαθεν ελληνικά και που όλοι τους ανάγονται σε μια μοναδική ρίζα, οπωσδήποτε μακρόχρονη, ελληνικής προέλευσης»; ... "Midis tyre ka vetëm 3000 njerëz që kanë folur gjithmonë greqisht dhe që të gjithë rrjedhin nga një rrënjë e vetme, sado e largët në kohë, me prejardhje greke"."}}</ref> In 1913, the French journalist Rene Puaux was impressed by the strong Greek feeling of the Himariots.<ref name="NitsiakosNitsiakos2010">{{cite book |author1=Vasilēs G. Nitsiakos |author2=Vassilis Nitsiakos |date=2010 |title=On the Border: Transborder Mobility, Ethnic Groups and Boundaries Along the Albanian-Greek Frontier |publisher=LIT Verlag Münster |pages=97– |isbn=978-3-643-10793-0 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=H-7toRTGrFkC&pg=PA97}}</ref>
 
Himara became the most notable centre of the 'Epirote Society' created in 1906 under [[Spyros Spyromilios]] that sought the establishment of a network between the Greek state and the Orthodox communities of Epirus.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Kinley |first1=Christopher |title=The Balkan War in Epirus: Religious Identity and the Continuity of Conflict |journal=Journal of Balkan and Near Eastern Studies |date=3 September 2021 |volume=23 |issue=5 |page=3 |pages=667–683 |doi=10.1080/19448953.2021.1935077 |url=https://doi.org/10.1080/19448953.2021.1935077 |access-date=22 November 2024 |language=en |issn=1944-8953|page=The Epriote Society created a network between the Greek state and Orthodox communities in Epirus, most notably in Himarë under the leadership of Spyros Spyromēlios. The expressed goals of the society were to act as a clandestine revolutionary committee and to protect ‘the Greek Orthodox population against rival nationalisms’.1}}</ref>
 
In 1913, the French journalist Rene Puaux was impressed by the strong Greek feeling of the Himariots.<ref name="NitsiakosNitsiakos2010">{{cite book |author1=Vasilēs G. Nitsiakos |author2=Vassilis Nitsiakos |date=2010 |title=On the Border: Transborder Mobility, Ethnic Groups and Boundaries Along the Albanian-Greek Frontier |publisher=LIT Verlag Münster |pages=97– |isbn=978-3-643-10793-0 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=H-7toRTGrFkC&pg=PA97}}</ref>
 
During the last year of Ottoman rule in Albania, a demographic census conducted in the [[Kaza]] of Himara, showed that it was inhabited by 12,000 people.<ref>Vlora E., Kujtime 1885–1925, translated by A. Koçi, Tirana: "IDK", 2003. pp. 192–193.</ref>