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[[Image:YamatoClassBattleships.jpg|thumb|Japanese battleships [[Japanese battleship Yamato|''Yamato'']] and [[Japanese battleship Musashi|''Musashi'']], were a central element of Japan's "Decisive Battle" doctrine]]
The {{nihongo|'''Decisive Battle Doctrine'''|艦隊決戦|'''''Kantai Kessen'''''|"naval fleet decisive battle"}} was a [[naval strategy]] adopted by the [[Imperial Japanese Navy]] prior to the [[World War II|Second World War]]. The theory was derived from the writings of American naval historian [[Alfred Thayer Mahan]]. In the Decisive Battle Doctrine the Japanese navy would win a war by fighting and winning a single, decisive naval action. The idea gained broad acceptance following the [[Russo-Japanese War]], where a well-trained, smaller Japanese naval force gained a decisive victory in the [[Sea of Japan]] at the [[Battle of Tsushima]], defeating the [[Imperial Russian Navy]] of their rival the [[Russian Empire]], a western naval power{{fact|reason = Is Russia a Western nation?|date = November 2024}}. Operational plans thereafter were influenced by the effective naval gunnery Japan demonstrated at Tsushima.{{sfn|Evans|Peattie|2012|pp=262-263}}
From the turn of the century up through the start of the Second World War Japanese planners believed achieving victory in such a battle would be dependent upon the effective use of a strong [[battleship]] force.{{sfn|Stille|2014|p=10}} The Japanese triumph at Tsushima led to the naval doctrine of ''Taikan Kyohō Shugi'' ({{lang|ja|大艦巨砲主義}}), the principle of big ships and gigantic guns.{{sfn|Marston|Kotani|2005|p=42}} Imperial Japanese Navy planning envisioned assuming a defensive posture and waiting upon the enemy fleet to approach, then destroying it in a sharp battle off the [[Mainland Japan|Japanese mainland]].{{sfn|Marston|Kotani|2005|p=42}} Japan's victory over the Imperial Russian Navy validated this doctrine in the eyes of the [[Imperial Japanese Navy General Staff]]. Thereafter naval procurement and subsequent deployment of naval assets was based upon the ''Kantai Kessen'' doctrine.
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