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The [[Aleuts]], also known as Unangan, Unangas, or Unangax̂, are the [[Alaska Natives|Indigenous people]] of the [[Aleutian Islands]], an [[archipelago]] in the Pacific Ocean. Today, there are approximately 6,752 Aleuts in the United States,<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://factfinder.census.gov/faces/tableservices/jsf/pages/productview.xhtml?pid=ACS_15_AIA_B01003&prodType=table|title=Aleut alone|website=factfinder.census.gov|publisher=US Census Bureau|access-date=February 20, 2018|archive-url=https://archive.today/20200214061143/https://factfinder.census.gov/faces/tableservices/jsf/pages/productview.xhtml?pid=ACS_15_AIA_B01003&prodType=table|archive-date=February 14, 2020|url-status=dead}}</ref> and around 482 in Russia.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.gks.ru/free_doc/new_site/perepis2010/croc/perepis_itogi1612.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120424113952/http://www.perepis-2010.ru/results_of_the_census/tab5.xls|url-status=dead|title=ВПН-2010|archive-date=April 24, 2012|website=gks.ru}}</ref>
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===== Housing =====
Aleuts built partially underground houses called ''[[barabara]]s'', which provided shelter from rain, wind, and cold.{{cn|date=August 2024}} These structures were created by digging a pit, framing a roof with [[driftwood]], thatching it with grass, and covering it with earth. Inside, trenches were lined with mats, and several families would occupy the space, each with their own area. Lanterns were used for lighting instead of central fires.<ref>Cook, James (1999). [https://books.google.com/books?id=xaD-pCdbtYUC&lpg=PA377 ''The Voyages of Captain James Cook.''] Hertfordshire, UK: Wordsworth Editions. p. 377 {{ISBN|978-1-84022-100-8}}.</ref>
===== Subsistence =====
Aleuts traditionally survived by hunting and gathering. They fished for salmon, crabs, shellfish, and cod, and hunted sea mammals like seals, walruses, and whales. Game such as [[Reindeer|caribou]], [[Muskox|muskoxen]] and moose was eaten roasted or preserved, and berries were dried or made into alutiqqutigaq, a mixture of berries, fat, and fish. Whale and walrus skin and blubber are considered delicacies. Today, while many Aleuts still eat traditional foods, they also purchase expensive processed foods.
===== Visual arts =====
[[File:Hunting hat, Aleut - Etholén collection, Museum of Cultures (Helsinki) - DSC04917.JPG|thumb|Men's {{Lang|ale|chagudax}}, or bentwood hunting visor, Arvid Adolf Etholén collection, Museum of Cultures, Helsinki, Finland]]
Aleut arts include weapon-making, carving, mask-making, and crafting items like [[Aleutian kayak|baidarkas]] (hunting boats), figurines, and clothing. Historically, men carved intricate wooden hats, while women sewed waterproof [[Parkas|parkas]] and wove baskets from [[Leymus arenarius|sea-lyme grass]]. Aleut carving, often of [[walrus ivory]] and driftwood, has attracted traders for centuries. Jewelry and sewing needles were also carved from ivory. Basketry, traditionally done by women, involves overlay techniques to create textured pieces. Masks, carved from wood and decorated with natural paints and feathers, were used in ceremonies and to depict mythological figures. Today, Aleut arts continue to evolve, incorporating new materials and methods.<ref name=AAUA>{{cite book|last=Black|first=Lydia|title=Aleut Art Unangam Aguqaadangin|year=2003|publisher=Aleutian/Pribilof Islands Association|location=Anchorage, AK}}</ref><ref name=Turner>Turner, M. Lucien. (2008) ''An Aleutian Ethnography''. Ed. L. Raymond Hudson. Fairbanks: University of Alaska Press. pp. 70–71. {{ISBN|9781602230286}}</ref>
===== Language =====
Aleut people speak Unangam Tunuu, along with English in the U.S. and Russian in Russia. Around 150 people in the U.S. and five in Russia speak Aleut.<ref name=ethno>[http://www.ethnologue.com/language/ale "Aleut."] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170620074153/https://www.ethnologue.com/language/ale |date=June 20, 2017 }} ''Ethnologue''. Retrieved February 3, 2014.</ref> The language, part of the [[Eskaleut languages|Eskaleut family]], has three dialects: Eastern Aleut, [[Atkan]], and the [[Extinct language|extinct]] [[Attu Island|Attuan]]. The [[Pribilof Islands]] have the most active speakers. While most native elders speak Aleut, fluency is rare among younger generations. Aleut was written in [[Cyrillic script|Cyrillic]] from 1829 and switched to [[Latin script]] in 1870. A dictionary, grammar, and portions of the Bible have been published in Aleut.<ref name=ethno/>
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