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'''Anatolia''' ({{lang-tr|Anadolu}}), also known as '''Asia Minor''',{{efn|Additional alternative names include '''Asian Turkey''', the '''Anatolian Peninsula''', and the '''Anatolian Plateau'''.}} is a large [[peninsula]] or a region in [[Turkey]], constituting most of its contemporary territory. Geographically, the Anatolian region is bounded by the [[Mediterranean Sea]] to the south, the [[Aegean Sea]] to the west, the [[Turkish Straits]] to the north-west, and the [[Black Sea]] to the north. The eastern and southeastern boundary is either the southeastern and eastern borders of Turkey,<ref name=anatolia_definition/> or an imprecise line from the [[Black Sea]] to [[Gulf of Iskenderun]].<ref name=Merriam/> Topographically, the [[Sea of Marmara]] connects the Black Sea with the Aegean Sea through the [[Bosporus]] strait and the [[Dardanelles]] strait, and separates Anatolia from [[Thrace]] in the [[Balkans|Balkan peninsula]] of [[Southeastern Europe]].
Anatolia was an early centre for the development of farming during the [[Neolithic]] period following its origination in the adjacent [[Fertile Crescent]]. Beginning around 9,000 years ago there was major migration of [[Anatolian Neolithic Farmers]] into Europe, with their descendants coming to dominate Europe as far west as the Iberian Peninsula and the British Isles.
The ancient [[Anatolian peoples]] spoke the now-extinct [[Anatolian languages]] of the [[Indo-European languages|Indo-European]] language family, which were largely replaced by the [[Greek language]] during [[classical antiquity]] as well as during the [[Hellenistic period|Hellenistic]], [[Roman Empire|Roman]], and [[Byzantine Empire|Byzantine]] periods. The major Anatolian languages included [[Hittite language|Hittite]], [[Luwian language|Luwian]], and [[Lydian language|Lydian]], while other, poorly attested local languages included [[Phrygian language|Phrygian]] and [[Mysian language|Mysian]]. [[Hurro-Urartian languages]] were spoken in the southeastern kingdom of [[Mitanni]], while [[Galatian language|Galatian]], a [[Celtic languages|Celtic language]], was spoken in [[Galatia]], central Anatolia. Ancient peoples in the region included [[Galatians (people)|Galatians]], [[Hurrians]], [[Assyrian people|Assyrians]], [[Armenians]], [[Hattians]], [[Cimmerians]], as well as [[Ionians|Ionian]], [[Dorians|Dorian]], and [[Aeolic Greek]]s. The [[Turkification]] of Anatolia began under the rule of the [[Seljuk Empire]] in the late 11th century, continued under the [[Ottoman Empire]] between the late 13th and early 20th centuries, and continues today under the [[History of the Republic of Turkey|Republic of Türkiye]]. However, various non-Turkic languages continue to be spoken by minorities in Anatolia, including [[Kurdish languages|Kurdish]], [[Assyrian Neo-Aramaic|Neo-Aramaic]], [[Armenian language|Armenian]], [[North Caucasian languages]], [[Laz language|Laz]], [[Georgian language|Georgian]], and [[Greek language|Greek]].
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