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A Jesuit Catholic congregation in Tranquebar predated the arrival of the Danes by several decades. This congregation descended from Tamil fishermen converted by Portuguese missionaries. There was also a sizable population<ref>{{Cite book|title="A Little Piece of Denmark in India", The Space and Places of a South Indian Town, and a Narrative of its Peoples|last=Grønseth|first=Kristian|publisher=University of Oslo|year=2007|location=Oslo|page=29}}</ref> of [[Portuguese Empire|Indo-Portuguese]] due to their presence nearby in [[Nagapattinam]]. The Catholic church was probably demolished to build the fort.{{citation needed|date=June 2013}} This fort was the residence and headquarters of [[Governor of Tranquebar|the governor]] and other officials for about 150 years. It is now a museum hosting a collection of artifacts from the colonial era.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.tnarch.gov.in/danish-fort-site-museum-tranquebar# |title=Danish Fort Site Museum - Tranquebar | Department Of Archaeology |publisher=Tnarch.gov.in |date= |accessdate=2022-08-11}}</ref>
In 1639, experienced seafarer, Willem Leyel, was sent to Tranquebar on the order of Christian IV of Denmark to inspect the Danish East India Company's troublesome financial conditions. The [[Tranquebar Rebellion]] in 1648 may have started as a response to Leyel making a treaty with the Mughals to stop local Danish piracy. It was followed by a show trial that returned him to Denmark, and thus ending commercial oversight by the Crown.
[[File:Tranquebar - Skoklosters slott - 86273.tif|thumb|left|200px|A view of the Danish settlement in Tranquebar with the Dansborg fortress in south east India, 1658]]
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