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The IOC distributes some of its revenue to organisations throughout the Olympic Movement to support the staging of the Olympic Games and to promote worldwide sport development. The IOC retains approximately 10% of the Olympic marketing revenue for operational and administrative costs.<ref name="IOC Funding">[https://olympics.com/ioc/funding Funding] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210808004250/https://olympics.com/ioc/funding |date=8 August 2021 }} – IOC. Retrieved on 7 August 2021</ref> For the 2013–2016 period, IOC had revenues of about US$5.0 billion, of which 73% were from broadcasting rights and 18% were from Olympic Partners. The Rio 2016 organising committee received US$1.5 billion and the Sochi 2014 organising committee received US$833 million. National Olympic committees and international federations received US$739 million each.<ref name="IOC Funding" />
In July 2000, when the ''[[Los Angeles Times]]'' reported on how the IOC redistributes profits from sponsorships and [[broadcasting rights]], historian [[Bob Barney]] stated that he had "yet to see matters of corruption in the IOC", but noted there were "matters of unaccountability".<ref>{{cite news|title=IOC: A tangled web of wealth, mystery|last1=Abrahamson|first1=Alan|last2=Wharton|first2=David|date=July 30, 2000|newspaper=[[St. Louis Post-Dispatch]]|location=St. Louis, Missouri|page=24|url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/st-louis-post-dispatch-ioc-2000/129932172/|access-date=3 September 2023|archive-date=27 July 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240727014641/https://www.newspapers.com/article/st-louis-post-dispatch-ioc-2000/129932172/|url-status=live}}</ref> He later noted that when the spotlight is on the athletes, it has "the power to eclipse impressions of scandal or corruption", with respect to the Olympic bid process.<ref>{{cite news|title=Sun sets on Salt Lake City|date=February 25, 2002|newspaper=[[Herald News (New Jersey)|Herald News]]|location=Passaic County, New Jersey|page=A1|url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-herald-news-olympics-2002/129939234/|access-date=3 September 2023|archive-date=27 July 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240727014658/https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-herald-news-olympics-2002/129939234/|url-status=live}}; {{cite news|title=Games (Continued From A1)|date=February 25, 2002|newspaper=[[Herald News (New Jersey)|Herald News]]|location=Passaic County, New Jersey|page=A6|url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-herald-news-olympics-2002/129939110/|access-date=3 September 2023|archive-date=15 August 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230815145332/https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-herald-news-olympics-2002/129939110/|url-status=live}}</ref>
{{anchor|OCOG}}
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The IOC uses [[Sex verification in sports|sex verification]] to ensure participants compete only in events matching their sex.<ref name=":02">{{Cite journal|last=Pastor|first=Aaren|date=2019|title=Unwarranted and Invasive Scrutiny: Caster Semenya, Sex-Gender Testing and the Production of Woman In 'Women's' Track and Field.|url=|journal=Feminist Review|volume=122|issue=1 |pages=1–15|doi=10.1177/0141778919849688|s2cid=204379565|via=SAGE Journals}}</ref> Verifying the sex of Olympic participants dates back to [[ancient Greece]], when [[Kallipateira]] attempted to break Greek law by dressing as a man to enter the arena as a trainer. After she was discovered, a policy was erected wherein trainers, just as athletes, were made to appear naked in order to better assure all were male.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Rupert|first=James L.|date=2011|title=Genitals to genes: the history and biology of gender verification in the Olympics|url=|journal=Canadian Bulletin of Medical History|volume=28|issue=2|pages=339–365|doi=10.3138/cbmh.28.2.339|pmid=22164600|via=GALE ONEFILE|doi-access=free}}</ref>
In more recent history, sex verification has taken many forms<ref name=":1">{{Cite journal|last1=Krieger|first1=Jörg|last2=Parks Pieper|first2=Lindsay|last3=Ritchie|first3=Ian|date=2019|title=Sex, drugs and science: the IOC's and IAAF's attempts to control fairness in sport|url=https://pure.au.dk/portal/da/publications/sex-drugs-and-science-the-iocs-and-iaafs-attempts-to-control-fairness-in-sport(e0853d7a-89ec-4287-ba36-48c2749f0b9e).html|journal=Sport in Society|volume=22|issue=9|pages=1555–1573|doi=10.1080/17430437.2018.1435004|s2cid=148683831|via=Taylor & Francis Online|access-date=5 April 2024|archive-date=27 July 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240727014644/https://pure.au.dk/portal/da/publications/sex-drugs-and-science-the-iocs-and-iaafs-attempts-to-control-fair|url-status=live}}</ref> and been subject to dispute.<ref name=":2">{{Cite news|last=Parks Pieper|first=Lindsay|date=2018|title=First, they qualified for the Olympics. Then they had to prove their sex|newspaper=The Washington Post|url=|access-date=}}</ref> Before sex testing, Olympic officials relied on "nude parades"<ref name=":3">{{Cite journal|last=Pape|first=Madeleine|date=2019|title=Expertise and Non-Binary Bodies: Sex, Gender and the Case of Dutee Chand.|url=|journal=Body & Society|volume=25|issue=4|pages=3–28|doi=10.1177/1357034X19865940|s2cid=201403008|via=SAGE journals}}</ref> and doctor's notes.<ref name=":2" /> Successful [[Women's sports|women athletes]] perceived to be [[Masculinity|masculine]] were most likely to be inspected.<ref name=":2" /> In 1966, IOC implemented a compulsory sex verification process that took effect at the [[1968 Winter Olympics]] where a lottery system was used to determine who would be inspected with a [[Barr body]] test.<ref name=":3" /><ref name=":2" /> The scientific community found fault with this policy. The use of the Barr body test was evaluated by fifteen geneticists who unanimously agreed it was scientifically invalid.<ref name=":1" /> By the 1970s this method was replaced with [[Polymerase chain reaction|PCR testing]], as well as evaluating factors such as brain anatomy and behaviour.<ref name=":02" /> Following continued backlash against mandatory sex testing, the [[IOC Athletes' Commission|IOC's Athletes' Commission]]'s opposition ended of the practice in 1999.<ref name=":1" />
Although sex testing was no longer mandated, women who did not present as [[Femininity|feminine]] continued to be inspected based on suspicion. This started at [[2000 Summer Olympics]] and remained in use until the [[2010 Winter Olympics]].<ref name=":1" /> By 2011 the IOC created a [[Hyperandrogenism]] Regulation, which aimed to standardise natural [[testosterone]] levels in women athletes.<ref name=":3" /> This transition in sex testing was to assure fairness within female events. This was due to the belief that higher testosterone levels increased athletic ability and gave unfair advantages to [[intersex]] and [[Transgender people in sports|transgender competitors]].<ref name=":02" /><ref name=":3" /> Any female athlete flagged for suspicion and whose testosterone surpassed regulation levels was prohibited from competing until medical treatment brought their hormone levels within standard levels.<ref name=":02" /><ref name=":3" /> It has been argued by press,<ref name=":6">{{Cite journal|last=Burnett|first=Cora|date=2019|title=South African Newspapers' Constructions of the Caster Semenya Saga through Political Cartoons|url=|journal=South African Review of Sociology|volume=50|issue=2|pages=62–84|doi=10.1080/21528586.2019.1699440|s2cid=213623805|via=Taylor & Francis Online}}</ref> scholars,<ref name=":7">{{Cite journal|last1=Mahomed|first1=S|last2=Dhai|first2=A|date=2019|title=The Caster Semenya ordeal – prejudice, discrimination and racial bias|url=|journal=South African Medical Journal|volume=109|issue=8|pages=548–551|doi=10.7196/SAMJ.2019.v109i8.14152|pmid=31456545|s2cid=201175909|via=SciELO South Africa|doi-access=free}}</ref> and politicians<ref name=":02" /> that some ethnicities are disproportionately impacted by this regulation and that the rule excludes too many.<ref name=":02" /><ref name=":6" /><ref name=":7" />
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=== Israel at the 2024 Summer Olympics ===
Palestinian sports organizations and sports organizations from Arab countries have called for sanctions to be imposed against Israel and to prevent its participation in the [[Israel at the 2024 Summer Olympics|2024 Summer Olympics]] due to the [[Israel–Hamas war]] in the [[Gaza Strip]]. The calls from the organizations have been prompted by concerns about the war's impact on Palestinian athletes and sports facilities.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Zirin |first1=Dave |date=10 January 2024 |title=Will the IOC Do Anything About the Killing of Palestinian Athletes? |url=https://www.thenation.com/article/society/ioc-israel-palestine-olympics/ |work=[[The Nation]] |access-date=8 March 2024 |archive-date=27 February 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240227072424/https://www.thenation.com/article/society/ioc-israel-palestine-olympics/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=The case for sports sanctions against Israel |url=https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2024/jan/18/the-case-for-sports-sanctions-against-israel |work=The Guardian |date=18 January 2024 |last1=Zidan |first1=Karim |access-date=8 March 2024 |archive-date=20 January 2024 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20240120200009/https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2024/jan/18/the-case-for-sports-sanctions-against-israel |url-status=live }}</ref> In November 2023, Russia accused the IOC of having double standards by not sanctioning Israel due to its military actions in Gaza and [[Israeli-occupied territories|occupation of Palestine]], as Palestine is also an IOC member.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Salguero |first1=David Rubio |title=IOC defends the participation of Israeli athletes in Paris 2024 |url=https://www.insidethegames.biz/articles/1142358/ioc-defe |access-date=20 February 2024 |work=insidethegames.biz |date=6 November 2023 |archive-date=20 February 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240220202117/https://www.insidethegames.biz/articles/1142358/ioc-defe |url-status=live }}</ref> In January 2024, over 300 Palestinian sports clubs called for Israel to be barred from the 2024 Olympics after [[Bombing of Gaza|Israeli airstrikes]] had killed Palestine's Olympic football team coach, and damaged the headquarters of the [[Palestine Olympic Committee]] in Gaza.<ref>{{cite web |date=18 January 2024 |title=More than 300 Palestinian sports clubs call for Israel Olympic Games ban |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/liveblog/2024/1/18/israels-war-on-gaza-live-medicine-arrives-for-captives-palestinians?update=2629791 |website=Al Jazeera |access-date=8 March 2024 |archive-date=25 February 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240225214605/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/liveblog/2024/1/18/israels-war-on-gaza-live-medicine-arrives-for-captives-palestinians?update=2629791 |url-status=live }}</ref> The IOC has cautioned athletes against boycotting or discriminating others, stating that immediate action will follow any discriminatory behavior such as the case of Algerian judoka [[Fethi Nourine]], who received a ten-year ban following his refusal to fight [[Tohar Butbul]], an Israeli in [[2020 Summer Olympics|2020]]. The IOC also stated that athletes are not to be held accountable for their government's actions.<ref>{{cite news |title=IOC waarschuwt voor boycots en discriminatie tijdens Spelen |trans-title=IOC warns against boycotts and discrimination during Games |url=https://www.rtlnieuws.nl/sport/artikel/5416404/ioc-waarschuwt-voor-boycots-en-discriminatie-tijdens-spelen |work=[[RTL Nieuws]] |date=1 November 2023 |language=NL |access-date=8 March 2024 |archive-date=17 February 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240217160509/https://www.rtlnieuws.nl/sport/artikel/5416404/ioc-waarschuwt-voor-boycots-en-discriminatie-tijdens-spelen |url-status=live }}</ref> In March 2024, IOC President [[Thomas Bach]] made it clear there was no issue regarding Israel participating at the 2024 Summer Olympics and cautioned athletes against boycotts and discrimination.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Israel's Olympic status not in question says IOC president Bach amid frustration with Russia|url=https://apnews.com/article/paris-olympics-ioc-bach-israel-russia-8b6005213cb0e680bf533c0454ece216|date=2024-03-06|website=AP|language=en|access-date=8 March 2024|archive-date=6 March 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240306192356/https://apnews.com/article/paris-olympics-ioc-bach-israel-russia-8b6005213cb0e680bf533c0454ece216|url-status=live}}</ref>
=== Attempt to obstruct U.S. investigation into Chinese doping ===
{{Main|Doping in China}}
In July 2024, the IOC threatened to reject Salt Lake City's bid to host the [[2034 Winter Olympics]] if U.S. authorities continued to investigate allegations of doping by Chinese swimmers. The IOC insisted that Salt Lake City agree that it may "terminate Olympic host city contracts in cases where the supreme authority of the [[World Anti-Doping Agency]] (WADA) in the fight against doping is not fully respected or if the application of the world antidoping code is hindered or undermined." This was intended to undermine the [[United States Department of Justice]]'s criminal investigation into the [[World Anti-Doping Agency#Chinese doping allegations|allegations that the World Anti-Doping Agency failed to sanction drug use by Chinese swimmers]].<ref>{{Cite news |last=Mann |first=Brian |date=July 24, 2024 |title=Olympic officials try to crush U.S. probes of China doping, threaten Salt Lake Games |url=https://www.npr.org/2024/07/24/nx-s1-5050528/olympic-threaten-salt-lake-2034-winter-games-doping |access-date=July 24, 2024 |work=[[NPR]] |archive-date=25 July 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240725015007/https://www.npr.org/2024/07/24/nx-s1-5050528/olympic-threaten-salt-lake-2034-winter-games-doping |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Longman |first=Jeré |last2=Panja |first2=Tariq |last3=Schmidt |first3=Michael S. |date=2024-07-24 |title=Salt Lake Awarded 2034 Olympics Under I.O.C. Pressure Over Doping Inquiries |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2024/07/24/world/olympics/salt-lake-city-winter-olympics-2034.html |access-date=2024-07-25 |work=[[The New York Times]] |language=en-US |issn=0362-4331 |archive-date=25 July 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240725004524/https://www.nytimes.com/2024/07/24/world/olympics/salt-lake-city-winter-olympics-2034.html |url-status=live }}</ref>
==Current IOC Executive Board==
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