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Line 309: Enemas have also been forcibly applied as a means of punishment. In 1845, [[Domingo Faustino Sarmiento]] documented in his vastly influential Argentine text [[Facundo\|''Facundo, or Civilization and Barbarism'']]<ref>{{cite book\|author= [[Domingo Faustino Sarmiento]]\|title= Facundo: Civilización y barbarie\|translator= Kathleen Ross\|year= 1845 \|publication-date= 2003\|page= 210\|publisher= University of California Press\|isbn=0-520-23980-6}}</ref> as a way of discouraging political dissent in post-independence Argentina, the [[Mazorca]], a police corps of enthusiasts, federalists, whose job was, at first, to give malcontents enemas of [[chili pepper]] and [[turpentine]]. Turpentine enemas are very harsh purgatives.<ref>{{cite web\|url=https://www.biology-online.org/dictionary/Turpentine_enema\|title=Turpentine enema\|website=Biology-Online Dictionary\|publisher=Biology-Online\|access-date=2019-04-20}}</ref> In the [[Guantanamo Bay detention camp#Torture\|Guantanamo Bay Detention Camp]], the [[Senate Intelligence Committee report on CIA torture]] documented instances of enemas being used by the [[Central Intelligence Agency]] in order to ensure "total control" over detainees.<ref>{{cite news\|last1=Rushe\|first1=Dominic\|last2=MacAskill\|first2=Ewen\|last3=Cobain\|first3=Ian\|last4=Yuhas\|first4=Alan\|last5=Laughland\|first5=Oliver\|title=Rectal rehydration and waterboarding: the CIA torture report's grisliest findings\|url=https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2014/dec/09/cia-torture-report-worst-findings-waterboard-rectal\|access-date=13 March 2015\|agency=[[The Guardian]]\|date=9 December 2014}}</ref> Enemas, officials said, are uncomfortable and degrading,<ref>{{cite web\|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2005/01/01/us/fresh-details-emerge-on-harsh-methods-at-guantanamo.html\|title=Fresh Details Emerge on Harsh Methods at Guantánamo\|author=Neil A. Lewis\|date=2005-01-01\|department=Archives – 2005\|work=[[The New York Times]]\|access-date=2019-04-20}}</ref> The CIA forced nutrient enema on detainees who attempted hunger strikes, documenting "With head lower than torso … sloshing up the large intestines … [what] I infer is that you get a tube up as you can … We used the largest Ewal {{sic}} tube we had" wrote an officer,<ref>{{cite web\|url=https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2014/dec/09/cia-report-rectal-feeding-detainees\|title=Controversial 'rectal feeding' technique used to control detainees' behaviour\|date=9 December 2014\|work=[[The Guardian]]\|access-date=2019-04-20}}</ref> and "violent enemas" is how a detainee described what he received.<ref>{{cite web\|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2015/06/06/opinion/a-detainee-describes-more-cia-torture.html\|title=A Detainee Describes More C.I.A. Torture\|author=The Editorial Board \|date=2015-06-05\|department=Editorial\|work=[[The New York Times]]\|access-date=2019-04-22}}</ref>

Enema: Difference between revisions