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'''Stephen Edred Flowers''', commonly known as '''Stephen E. Flowers''' or his pen name '''Edred Thorsson''', is an American [[Runology|runologist]], university lecturer, and proponent of [[occult]]ism, especially of Neo-[[Germanic paganism]] and [[Odinism]]. He helped establish the Germanic Neopagan movement in North America and has also been active in [[left-hand path]] occult organizations. He has over three dozen published books and hundreds of published papers and translations on a disparate range of subjects. Flowers has worked to promote the [[European New Right]].<ref name=":1">{{Cite journal |last=Hale |first=Amy |date=2012-03-09 |title=John Michell, Radical Traditionalism and the Emerging Politics of the Pagan New Right |url=http://www.equinoxpub.com/POM/article/view/11580 |journal=Pomegranate: The International Journal of Pagan Studies |volume=13 |issue=1 |pages=92–93 |doi=10.1558/pome.v13i1.77}}</ref><ref name=":2" />
==Early life and education==
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In the Spring of 1995, due to inner turmoil, Flowers withdrew from any involvement with the Ring of Troth. In August 1995 he and Dawn traveled to Iceland and England to strengthen the work of the Rune-Gild. In April 1996 Flowers retired from his position as Grand Master of the Order of the Trapezoid in order to focus more intently on Rune-Gild matters.<ref name="nikarevleshy.blogspot.co.uk">Chisholm, James Allen; [http://nikarevleshy.blogspot.co.uk/2015/09/the-awakening-of-runemaster-life-of.html Appendix A, The Awakening of a Runemaster: The Life of Edred Thorsson] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180506073800/http://nikarevleshy.blogspot.co.uk/2015/09/the-awakening-of-runemaster-life-of.html |date=2018-05-06 }}, from Thorsson, Edred; Green Rûna - The Runemaster's Notebook: Shorter Works of Edred Thorsson Volume I (1978-1985)", 1993, second improved and expanded edition 1996.</ref><ref name="Lodestar">Lodestar IV (February 2015) – Newsletter of the emerging enterprise, [http://www.seekthemustery.com Lodestar]{{dead link|date=March 2018 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}.</ref><ref>Flowers, Stephen Edred; Freemasonry and the Germanic Tradition, Rûna-Raven Press, 2008, p. 11</ref><ref>{{cite book| last =Flowers| first =Stephen| title =Black Rûna: Being the Shorter Works of Stephen Edred Flowers Produced for the Order of the Trapezoid of the Temple of Set (1985-1989)|year=1995| page =11}}</ref><ref>"Runes: The Journal of the Order of the Trapezoid" Vol XIV Number 2</ref><ref>Kaplan, Jeffrey; Radical Religion in America: Millenarian Movements from the Far Right to the Children of Noah, Syracuse University Press, 1997. pp. 21-29, 159-160.</ref><ref>Gardell, Mattias; Gods of the Blood: The Pagan Revival and White Separatism, Duke University Press, 2003. pp. 19, 162-164, 284, 286, 321-323.</ref><ref>Lewis, James R.; Magical Religion and Modern Witchcraft, State University of New York Press, 1996. pp. 197, 210, 213-224.</ref><ref>Betty A. Dobratz, Stephanie L. Shanks-Meile; “White Power, White Price!” The White Separatist Movement in the United States, Twayne Publishers, 1997. pp. 138, 142.</ref>
Flowers has been A 2011 article in ''[[The Pomegranate]]'' described Flowers as a publisher of [[Alain de Benoist]] "who has openly expressed the importance of promoting the [[New Right]] among Pagans in the United States".<ref name=":1" /> Damon T. Berry's 2017 book ''Blood and Faith'' said Flowers was "deeply involved" in the North American New Right.<ref name=":2">{{Cite book |last=Berry |first=Damon T. |title=Blood and faith: Christianity in American white nationalism |date=2017 |publisher=Syracuse University Press |isbn=978-0-8156-5410-0 |edition=1 |series=Religion and politics |location=Syracuse, New York |pages=172}}</ref> An article in ''Spiral Nature'' in 2019 noted his associations with [[Red Ice|Red Ice TV]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Farrell |first=John |date=2019-05-06 |title=Heathens, we have a Nazi problem |url=https://www.spiralnature.com/culture/heathens-nazi-problem/ |access-date=2023-09-24 |website=Spiral Nature Magazine |language=en-US}}</ref>
==Works==
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