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==Characteristics==
[[
Rubidium is a very soft, [[ductility|ductile]], silvery-white metal.<
[[File:Rb&Cs crystals.jpg|left|thumb|Rubidium crystals (silvery) compared to [[caesium]] crystals (golden)]]
Rubidium has a very low [[ionization energy]] of only 406 kJ/mol.<ref>{{cite book | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=ZOm8L9oCwLMC&pg=PA259 | page =259 | title = Principles of Chemistry: The Molecular Science | isbn = 978-0-495-39079-4 | author1 = Moore, John W | author2 = Stanitski, Conrad L | author3 = Jurs, Peter C | date = 2009| publisher =Cengage Learning }}</ref> Rubidium and potassium show a very similar purple color in the [[flame test]], and distinguishing the two elements requires more sophisticated analysis, such as spectroscopy.{{citation needed|date=December 2021}}<!-- As a symmetrical effect of rubidium metal's high reactivity toward oxidation and tendency to subsequent formation of the rubidium cation Rb<sup>+</sup>, this cation, once formed, is very stable, and is normally unreactive toward further oxidative or reductive chemical reactions.{{citation needed|date=December 2010}}--><!--ionization energy 10.1103/PhysRevA.49.1646 --><!-- https://books.google.com/books?id=mDXzAAAAMAAJ&q=Rubidium+coordination&dq=Rubidium+coordination&hl=de&ei=5GB9Tc7pJ4f2sgax7ZTsBw&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CDIQ6AEwAA the coordination is at least six and even nine is possible 10.1007/BF00745739 or twelve http://scripts.iucr.org/cgi-bin/paper?a04757-->
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