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'''Music''' is the arrangement of [[sound]] to create some combination of [[Musical form|form]], [[harmony]], [[melody]], [[rhythm]], or otherwise [[Musical expression|expressive content]].{{sfn|''OED''|loc=§ 1}}{{sfn|''AHD''|loc=§ 1}}{{sfn|Epperson|2022|loc=§ para. 1}} Music is generally agreed to be a [[cultural universal]] that is present in all human societies.{{sfn|Morley|2013|p=5}} [[Definitions of music]] vary widely in substance and approach.{{sfn|Mithen|2005|pp=26–27}} While scholars agree that music is defined by a small number of [[elements of music|specific elements]], there is no consensus as to what these necessary elements are.{{sfn|Gardner|1983|p=104}} Music is often characterized as a highly versatile medium for expressing human [[creativity]].<ref name=":0" /> Diverse activities are involved in the creation of music, and are often divided into categories of [[musical composition|composition]], [[musical improvisation|improvisation]], and [[performance]].{{sfn|Nettl|2001|loc=§III "3. Music among the arts"}} Music may be performed using a wide variety of [[musical instrument]]s, including the [[human voice]].
Music often plays a key role in [[Social event|social events]] and [[religious ceremony]]. The techniques of making music are often transmitted from as part of a cultural tradition. Music is played in public and private contexts, highlighted at events such as [[festivals]] and concerts for various different types of ensembles. Music is used in the production of other media, such as in [[soundtrack]]s to films, TV shows, operas, and video games.
Listening to music is a common means of [[entertainment]]. The culture surrounding music extends into areas of [[#academic study|academic study]], [[Music journalism|journalism]], [[Philosophy of music|philosophy]], [[Music psychology|psychology]], and [[Music therapy|therapy]]. The [[music industry]] includes songwriters, performers, [[sound engineer]]s, producers, tour organizers, distributors of instruments, accessories, and publishers of [[sheet music]] and [[recording (music)|recording]]s. Technology facilitating the [[recording and reproduction of music]] has historically included [[sheet music]], [[microphones]], [[phonographs]], and [[tape recorder|tape machine]]s, with playback of [[digital music]]s being a common use for [[MP3 players]], [[CD players]], and [[smartphones]].
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