Coronavirus: Difference between revisions

 

Coronaviruses constitute the [[subfamily]] '''''Orthocoronavirinae''''', in the family ''[[Coronaviridae]]'', order ''[[Nidovirales]]'' and realm ''[[Riboviria]]''.<ref name="OrthocoronavirinaeICTV" /><ref name="FanZhao2019" /> They are [[enveloped virus]]es with a [[Positive-strand RNA virus|positive-sense single-stranded]] [[RNA]] [[genome]] and a [[nucleocapsid]] of helical symmetry.<ref>{{cite book | vauthors = Cherry J, Demmler-Harrison GJ, Kaplan SL, Steinbach WJ, Hotez PJ |title=Feigin and Cherry's Textbook of Pediatric Infectious Diseases |date=2017 |publisher=Elsevier Health Sciences |isbn=978-0-323-39281-5 |page=PT6615 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=z-ZIDwAAQBAJ&pg=PT6615 |language=en}}</ref> The [[genome size]] of coronaviruses ranges from approximately 26 to 32 [[kilobase]]s, one of the largest among RNA viruses.<ref name=":1">{{cite journal | vauthors = Woo PC, Huang Y, Lau SK, Yuen KY | title = Coronavirus genomics and bioinformatics analysis | journal = Viruses | volume = 2 | issue = 8 | pages = 1804–20 | date = August 2010 | pmid = 21994708 | pmc = 3185738 | doi = 10.3390/v2081803 | quote = Coronaviruses possess the largest genomes [26.4 kb (ThCoV HKU12) to 31.7 kb (SW1)] among all known RNA viruses (Figure 1) [2,13,16]. | doi-access = free }}</ref> They have characteristic club-shaped [[Spike protein|spikes]] that project from their surface, which in [[electron micrograph]]s create an image reminiscent of the [[stellar corona]], from which their name derives.<ref name=":2">{{Cite journal|vauthors=Almeida JD, Berry DM, Cunningham CH, Hamre D, Hofstad MS, Mallucci L, McIntosh K, Tyrrell DA |date=November 1968 |title=Virology: Coronaviruses |journal=Nature |volume=220 |issue=5168 |page=650 | pmc=7086490|doi=10.1038/220650b0 |bibcode=1968Natur.220..650. |quote=[T]here is also a characteristic "fringe" of projections 200 A long, which are rounded or petal shaped{{nbsp}}... This appearance, recalling the solar corona, is shared by mouse hepatitis virus and several viruses recently recovered from man, namely strain B814, 229E and several others.|doi-access=free }}</ref>

 

== Etymology ==