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The [[endonym]] Ῥωμανία (''Rōmanía'' "the land of the Romans, i.e. the Eastern Roman Empire") was understood as another name for the province by the invading [[Seljuq Turks]], who founded a [[Sultanate of Rûm]] in 1077. Thus (land of the) [[Rûm]] became another name for Anatolia. By the 12th century Europeans had started referring to Anatolia as ''Turchia''.<ref name=oxfordreference>{{Cite book| publisher = Oxford University Press| isbn = 978-0191866326| last = Everett-Heath| first = John| title = The Concise Dictionary of World Place-Names| volume = 1| chapter = Anatolia| access-date = 5 December 2018| year = 2018| chapter-url = http://www.oxfordreference.com/view/10.1093/acref/9780191866326.001.0001/acref-9780191866326-e-258| doi = 10.1093/acref/9780191866326.001.0001| archive-date = 6 December 2018| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20181206102228/http://www.oxfordreference.com/view/10.1093/acref/9780191866326.001.0001/acref-9780191866326-e-258| url-status = live}}</ref>
During the era of the [[Ottoman Empire]], many mapmakers referred to the mountainous plateau in eastern Anatolia as [[Armenia]]. Other contemporary sources called the same area [[Kurdistan]].<ref name=suny>{{Cite book| publisher = Princeton University Press| isbn = 978-1400865581| last = Suny| first = Ronald Grigor| title = 'They Can Live in the Desert but Nowhere Else': A History of the Armenian Genocide| year=2015|page=31}}</ref> Geographers have used the East Anatolian Plateau, Iranian Plateau, and [[Armenian Plateau]]
Turkey's [[First Geography Congress, Turkey|First Geography Congress]] in 1941 created two [[geographical regions of Turkey]] to the east of the Gulf of Iskenderun-Black Sea line, the [[Eastern Anatolia Region]] and the [[Southeastern Anatolia Region]],<ref name="Yigit">Ali Yiğit, "Geçmişten Günümüze Türkiye'yi Bölgelere Ayıran Çalışmalar ve Yapılması Gerekenler", ''Ankara Üniversitesi Türkiye Coğrafyası Araştırma ve Uygulama Merkezi, IV. Ulural Coğrafya Sempozyumu, "Avrupa Birliği Sürecindeki Türkiye'de Bölgesel Farklılıklar"'', [http://www.fka.org.tr/SayfaDownload/bildiri_nihan_atay.pdf pp. 34–35]. {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131109013737/http://www.fka.org.tr/SayfaDownload/bildiri_nihan_atay.pdf |date=9 November 2013 }}.</ref> the former largely corresponding to the western part of the Armenian Highlands, the latter to the northern part of the Mesopotamian plain. According to [[Richard G. Hovannisian|Richard Hovannisian]], this changing of toponyms was "necessary to obscure all evidence" of the [[Armenians|Armenian]] presence as part of the policy of [[Armenian genocide denial]] embarked upon by the newly established Turkish government and what Hovannisian calls its "foreign collaborators".<ref>{{Cite book| publisher = Wayne State University Press| isbn = 978-0814327777| last = Hovannisian| first = Richard G.| title = Remembrance and Denial: The Case of the Armenian Genocide| date = 1998| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=kiBHkRtRmIIC&pg=PA204| access-date = 5 December 2018| archive-date = 10 March 2020| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200310025218/https://books.google.com/books?id=kiBHkRtRmIIC&pg=PA204| url-status = live}}</ref>
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