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===Marriage and family===
[[Divorce]] in Italy was legalized in 1970. Obtaining a divorce in Italy is still a lengthy and complicated process, requiring a period of [[legal separation]] before it can be granted,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2011/08/15/world/europe/15italy.html|title=Divorce Tourists Go Abroad to Quickly Dissolve Their Italian Marriages|date=15 August 2011|work=The New York Times|access-date=28 February 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170310110618/http://www.nytimes.com/2011/08/15/world/europe/15italy.html|archive-date=10 March 2017|url-status=live}}</ref> although the period of separation has been reduced in 2015.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-italy-divorce-idUSKBN0NE1JD20150423|title='Divorce Italian style' becomes easier, faster with new law|date=23 April 2017|newspaper=Reuters|access-date=3 July 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170901030422/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-italy-divorce-idUSKBN0NE1JD20150423|archive-date=1 September 2017|url-status=live|last1=Pullella|first1=Philip}}</ref> A law of 2022 made it simpler for processes started since march 1, 2023. [[Adultery]] was decriminalized in 1969, after the [[Constitutional Court of Italy]] struck down the law as unconstitutional, because it discriminated against women.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.impowr.org/content/role-traditions-divorce-italy|title=Role of Traditions: Divorce in Italy — impowr.org|access-date=2015-02-24|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150224221542/http://www.impowr.org/content/role-traditions-divorce-italy|archive-date=2015-02-24|url-status=live}}</ref> In 1975, Law No. 151/1975 provided for [[gender equality]] within marriage, abolishing the legal dominance of the husband.<ref name="europarl.europa.eu"/><ref name="ohchr.org">{{Cite web |url=http://www.ohchr.org/Documents/HRBodies/HRCouncil/RegularSession/Session20/A-HRC-20-16-Add2_en.pdf |title=Report of the Special Rapporteur on violence against women, its causes and consequences, Rashida Manjoo |access-date=2015-02-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304042843/http://www.ohchr.org/Documents/HRBodies/HRCouncil/RegularSession/Session20/A-HRC-20-16-Add2_en.pdf |archive-date=2016-03-04 |url-status=live }}</ref>
[[Cohabitation#Italy|Unmarried cohabitation in Italy]] and births outside of marriage are not as common as in many other Western countries, but in recent years they have increased. In 2017, 30.9% of all births were outside of marriage, but there are significant differences by regions, with unmarried births being more common in the North than in the South.<ref name="auto1">{{Cite web |url=https://www.quotidianosanita.it/allegati/allegato927532.pdf |title=NATALITÀ E FECONDITÀ DELLA POPOLAZIONE RESIDENTE |access-date=2018-11-30 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181130155132/https://www.quotidianosanita.it/allegati/allegato927532.pdf |archive-date=2018-11-30 |url-status=live }}</ref> Italy has a low [[total fertility rate]], with 1.32 children born/woman (in 2017),<ref name="auto1"/> which is below the replacement rate of 2.1. Of women born in 1968, 20% stayed [[childlessness|childless]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.ined.fr/fichier/s_rubrique/26128/540.population.societies.2017.january.en.pdf |title=Validation request |access-date=2017-02-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170221105932/https://www.ined.fr/fichier/s_rubrique/26128/540.population.societies.2017.january.en.pdf |archive-date=2017-02-21 |url-status=live }}</ref> In the EU, only Greece, Spain, Cyprus, Poland, and Portugal have a lower total fertility rate than Italy.<ref name="europa.eu">{{cite web|url=http://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/tgm/table.do?tab=table&init=1&language=en&pcode=tsdde220&plugin=0|title=Eurostat - Tables, Graphs and Maps Interface (TGM) table|website=ec.europa.eu|access-date=10 October 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170731083212/http://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/tgm/table.do?tab=table&init=1&language=en&pcode=tsdde220&plugin=0|archive-date=31 July 2017|url-status=live}}</ref>
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