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In the 18th century, the town began to expand beyond its walls. In 19th century, the town developed into a significant agricultural and industrial centre.<ref name=history/> [[Bituminous coal]] was first discovered within the present city limits in 1775, but significant mining activity only started in 1850 and intensified over the following decades.<ref>{{cite web |title=Z historie hornictví na Kladensku|url=http://www.omk.cz/index.html?url=http://www.omk.cz/dyn/doc/historie_hornictvi|publisher=Sládečkovo vlastivědné muzeum v Kladně|language=cs|access-date=2023-03-13}}</ref> In 1855–1856, the city was connected to the railway network.<ref>{{cite web |title=Buštěhradská dráha|url=https://ipac.svkkl.cz/arl-kl/cs/detail-kl_us_auth-k0007232-Bustehradska-draha/|publisher=Středočeská vědecká knihovna v Kladně|language=cs|access-date=2023-03-13}}</ref> The coal reserves began attracting the iron working industry, the largest of which eventually became the Poldi steelworks, founded in 1899. The growth of industrial activity spurred a massive population growth.<ref name=svmk/> In 1870, Kladno was promoted to a city by Emperor [[Franz Joseph I of Austria|Franz Joseph I]], and in 1898 it was awarded the honorary title of "royal mining town".<ref name=history/>
The city's prosperity was once again interrupted by World War II, when it was ruled by the Nazis
The post-war history of Kladno was influenced by the philosophy of the communist regime. The city's development was determined by migration of labor forces unrelated to the city, by the construction of unified large housing estates and by an effort to erase the original buildings of the city centre. The focus on industrial production resulted in environmental damages. On 21 August 1968, Kladno was occupied for the second time in thirty years, this time by the [[Soviet Army]].<ref name=history2/>
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