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→History: Both patents are classified as silencers by the US Patent and Trademark Office and the language in the Stahel patent is perfectly clear. Regardless, here's a secondary source for Aeppli, though in German. |
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==History==
In 1892, Swiss inventor Jakob Stahel patented a silencer intended for killing cattle, though he claimed it could be adapted to other firearms too.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://patents.google.com/patent/US516236A/en?q=F41A21%2f30&sort=old&page=3 | title=Jakob stahel }}</ref> In 1894 another silencer for use with firearms was patented by another Swiss inventor, C.A. Aeppli.<ref>{{Cite patent|number=CH8453A|title=Knall-Dämpfungsapparat für Feuerwaffen|gdate=1894-03-20|invent1=Aeppli|inventor1-first=C.A.|url=https://worldwide.espacenet.com/patent/search/family/004196535/publication/CH8453A?q=pn%3DCH8453A}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://bt-ag.ch/firma/geschichte/|title=Die Geschichte der B&T AG|website=Brügger & Thomet|language=de|access-date=2024-05-03|archive-date=2024-05-03
American inventor [[Hiram Percy Maxim]], son of [[Maxim gun]] inventor [[Hiram Stevens Maxim]], and co-founder of the [[American Radio Relay League]], is usually credited with inventing and selling the first commercially successful silencer around 1902. He received his patent on March 30, 1909.<ref name="USPTO-958935"/><ref name="popular science 1923">{{cite journal |last=Crossman |first=Edward|editor=Popular Science|number=2 |volume=100 |year=1923 |publisher=Bonnier Corporation |page=48 |title=Maxim's House of Silence|journal=The Popular Science Monthly|issn=0161-7370}}</ref><ref name="USAR1989">{{cite book |last=USAR |first=William S. Brophy |title=Marlin Firearms: A History of the Guns and the Company That Made Them |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mdC3DAAAQBAJ&pg=PA653 |date=1 May 1989 |publisher=Stackpole Books |isbn=978-0-8117-4694-6 |page=653|quote=During the early 1900s, Hiram Percy Maxim designed and patented gun silencers. His efforts were directed toward both military and sporting arms and resulted in his forming the Maxim Silencer Company, Hartford, Conn.}}</ref> Maxim gave his device the [[generic trademark|popularly trademarked]] name "Maxim Silencer,"<ref name="Freeman1997">{{cite book |last=Freeman |first=Morton S. |title=A New Dictionary of Eponyms|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=dujiiVP2KJIC&pg=PA165 |date=18 December 1997 |publisher=Oxford University Press, USA |isbn=978-0-19-509354-4 |page=165}}</ref> and it was regularly advertised in sporting goods magazines.<ref name="Gage"/> The [[muffler]] for [[internal combustion engine]]s was developed in parallel with the firearm silencer by Maxim in the early 20th century, using many of the same techniques to provide quieter-running engines, and in many English-speaking countries automobile mufflers are called silencers.<ref name="Goddard2000"/>
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