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Stereorock (talk | contribs) →Aviation: five-letter. |
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Currently, all signs in [[aviation]] are derived from several different policies, depending upon the type of flight operation and whether or not the caller is in an aircraft or at a ground facility. In most countries, unscheduled [[general aviation]] flights identify themselves using the call sign corresponding to the [[aircraft registration|aircraft's registration]] number (also called ''N-number'' in the U.S., or ''tail number''). In this case, the call sign is spoken using the [[International Civil Aviation Organization]] (ICAO) [[NATO phonetic alphabet|phonetic alphabet]]. Aircraft registration numbers internationally follow the pattern of a country prefix, followed by a unique identifier made up of letters and numbers. For example, an aircraft registered as ''N978CP'' conducting a [[general aviation]] flight would use the call sign ''November-niner-seven-eight-Charlie-Papa''. However, in the United States a pilot of an aircraft would normally omit saying ''November'', and instead use the name of the aircraft manufacturer or the specific model. At times, general aviation pilots might omit additional preceding numbers and use only the last three numbers and letters. This is especially true at uncontrolled fields (those without control towers) when reporting traffic pattern positions or at towered airports after establishing two-way communication with the tower controller. For example, ''Skyhawk eight-Charlie-Papa, left base''. In commercial aviation, the callsign is usually the ICAO [[Flight number]]. For example, ''Delta Airlines Flight 744'' would have the flight number ''DL744'' and the callsign would be ''Delta 744''.
In most countries, the aircraft call sign or "tail number"/"tail letters" (also known as registration marks) are linked to the international radio call sign allocation table and follow a convention that aircraft radio stations (and, by extension, the aircraft itself) receive call signs consisting of five letters. For example, all British [[civil aviation|civil aircraft]] have a five-letter registration beginning with the letter G, which can also serve for a call sign. Canadian aircraft have a call sign beginning with C–F or C–G, such as C–FABC. [[ground-effect vehicle|wing-in-ground-effect vehicle]]s and [[hovercraft]] in Canada are eligible to receive C–Hxxx call signs, and [[ultralight aviation|ultralight aircraft]] receive C-Ixxx call signs. In days gone by, even American aircraft used five
===Spaceflight===
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