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| source1_location = [[Shivalik Hills]], [[Himachal Pradesh]], India
| source1_elevation =
| mouth_location = [[Jallah Jeem]](Parganah Hakrah), Ottu, [[Haryana]], India
| mouth_coordinates = {{Coord|29|17|23|N|74|08|11|E|type:waterbody|display=inline,title}}
| mouth_elevation =
| basin_size =
| subdivision_type1 = Country
| subdivision_name1 = [[India]], [[Pakistan]], [[Jallah Jeem]]
| length =
| discharge1_location=<ref>{{cite book |title=Political Economy of the Punjab: An Insider's Account |publisher=MD Publications, New Delhi |isbn=978-81-7533-031-3 |year=1997}}</ref>
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| ports =
}}
The '''Ghaggar-Hakra River''' is an [[intermittent river]] in [[India]] and [[Pakistan]] that flows only during the [[monsoon season]].The city of [[Jallah Jeem ]] was settled on the banks of the Hakra thousands of years ago. Hence this pargana (tehsil) was called Hakra. The river is known as Ghaggar before the [[Ottu barrage]] at {{Coord|29.4875|N|74.8925|E|type:waterbody|display=inline}}, and as Hakra downstream of the barrage in the [[Thar Desert]].{{sfn|Singh et al.|2017}}<ref name="ref42refar">{{Cite book |title=Students' Britannica India, Volumes 1-5 |author=Britannica, Dale Hoiberg, Indu Ramchandani |publisher=Popular Prakashan, 2000 |isbn=978-0-85229-760-5 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=AE_LIg9G5CgC |quote=The Ghaggar River rises in the Shiwalik Range, northwestern [[Himachal Pradesh]] State, and flows about 320 km southwest through Haryana State, where it receives the Saraswati River. Beyond the Ottu Barrage, the Ghaggar River is known as the Hakra River which loses itself in the [[Thar Desert]]. Just southwest of Sirsa it feeds two irrigation canals that extend into [[Rajasthan]]. |year=2000 |language=en}}</ref> In pre-Harappan times the Ghaggar was a tributary of the Sutlej. It is still connected to this paleochannel of the Sutlej, and possibly the Yamuna, which ended in the [[Nara River (Sindh)|Nara River]], presently a [[Distributary|delta channel]] of the [[Indus River]] joining the sea via [[Sir Creek]].{{sfn|Singh et al.|2017}}{{sfn|Clift et al.|2012}}{{sfn|Khonde et al.|2017}}
The [[Sutlej]] changed its course about 8,000-10,000 years ago, leaving the Ghaggar-Hakra as a system of monsoon-fed rivers terminating in the Thar Desert.{{sfn|Singh et al.|2017}}{{sfn|Clift et al.|2012}} The [[Indus Valley Civilisation]] prospered when the monsoons that fed the rivers diminished around 5,000 years ago, and a large number of sites from the Mature Indus Valley Civilisation (2600-1900 BCE) are found along the middle course of the (dried-up) Hakra in Pakistan.{{refn|group=note|name="Number of sites"}} Around 4,000 years ago, the Indus Valley Civilisation declined when the monsoons further diminished, and the Ghaggar-Hakra dried up, becoming a small seasonal river.{{sfn|Giosan et al.|2012}}{{sfn|Maemoku|Shitaoka|Nagatomo|Yagi|2013}}{{refn|group=note|name=Giosan.2012}}
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