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Born and raised in [[Delhi]], Madhubala relocated to [[Bombay]] (now Mumbai) with her family when she was 8 years old and shortly after appeared in minor roles in a number of films. She soon progressed to leading roles in the late 1940s, and earned success with the dramas ''[[Neel Kamal (1947 film)|Neel Kamal]]'' (1947) and ''[[Amar (1954 film)|Amar]]'' (1954), the horror film ''[[Mahal (1949 film)|Mahal]]'' (1949), and the romantic films ''[[Baadal (1951 film)|Badal]]'' (1951) and ''[[Tarana (1951 film)|Tarana]]'' (1951). Following a brief setback, Madhubala found continued success with her roles in the comedies ''[[Mr. & Mrs. '55]]'' (1955), ''[[Chalti Ka Naam Gaadi]]'' (1958) and ''[[Half Ticket (1962 film)|Half Ticket]]'' (1962), the crime films ''[[Howrah Bridge (1958 film)|Howrah Bridge]]'' and ''[[Kala Pani (1958 film)|Kala Pani]]'' (both 1958), and the musical ''[[Barsaat Ki Raat]]'' (1960).
Madhubala's portrayal of [[Anarkali]] in the historical epic drama ''[[Mughal-e-Azam]]'' (1960){{mdash}}the [[List of highest-grossing Indian films|highest-grossing film in India]] at
Despite maintaining strong privacy, Madhubala earned significant media coverage for performing actively in charity, and for her relationships with actor [[Dilip Kumar]], which lasted seven years, and with actor-singer [[Kishore Kumar]], whom she eventually married in 1960. From the beginning of her thirties, she suffered from recurring bouts of [[breathlessness]] and [[hemoptysis]] caused by a [[ventricular septal defect]], ultimately leading to her death in 1969.
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''Mughal-e-Azam'' was first of Madhubala's two [[Color photography|films in colour]]; it had four reels shot in [[Technicolor]].{{sfn|Akbar|1997|p=121}} The film had the widest release of any Indian film up to that time, and patrons often queued all day for tickets.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Patsy N |date=10 November 2004 |title=The making of ''Mughal-e-Azam'' |url=http://www.rediff.com/movies/2004/nov/10seth.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120125105208/http://www.rediff.com/movies/2004/nov/10seth.htm |archive-date=25 January 2012 |access-date=29 November 2021 |work=Rediff.com}}</ref> Released on 5 August 1960, it broke box office records in India and became the highest-grossing Indian film of all time, a distinction it would hold for 15 years.{{sfnm|1a1=Roy|1y=2019|1p=12, 151|2a1=Lanba|2a2=Patel|2y=2012|2p=117}}<ref name="boi60" /> At the [[National Film Awards|1961 National Film Awards]], ''Mughal-e-Azam'' won the [[National Film Award for Best Feature Film in Hindi]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=8th National Film Awards |url=http://iffi.nic.in/Dff2011/Frm8thNFAAward.aspx?PdfName=46NFA.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110928071859/http://iffi.nic.in/Dff2011/Frm8thNFAAward.aspx?PdfName=46NFA.pdf |archive-date=28 September 2011 |access-date=29 November 2021 |website=International Film Festival of India}}</ref> and led the [[8th Filmfare Awards]] ceremony with 11 nominations,<ref>{{Cite web |title=Filmfare Award Winners 1961 – 8th (Eighth) Filmfare Popular Awards |url=http://www.awardsandshows.com/features/filmfare-awards-1961-163.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120730231654/http://www.awardsandshows.com/features/filmfare-awards-1961-163.html |archive-date=30 July 2012 |access-date=29 November 2021 |website=Awardsandshows.com}}</ref> including [[Filmfare Award for Best Actress|Best Actress]] for Madhubala.{{sfn|Lanba|Patel|2012|p=118}} A reviewer for ''[[The Indian Express]]'' commented, "Scene after scene bears testimony to the outstanding gifts of Madhubala as a natural actress [...] The way she presents Anarkali's changing moods as she passes through the lightning vicissitudes in her life is superb."<ref name="IEPaper">{{Cite news |date=12 August 1960 |title=Mughal-E-Azam |page=3 |work=The Indian Express |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=P9oYG7HA76QC&dat=19600812&printsec=frontpage&hl=en |access-date=28 October 2017}}</ref>
The success of ''Mughal-e-Azam'' resulted in a string of offers in major roles, but Madhubala had to refuse them owing to her heart condition.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Bali |first=Karan |date=17 October 2017 |title=Incomplete Films: Chalaak |url=https://upperstall.com/features/incomplete-films-chalaak/ |access-date=20 November 2021 |website=Upperstall.com}}</ref> She further withdrew from some productions that were already underway, including ''[[Bombai Ka Babu]]'', ''[[Naughty Boy (film)|Naughty Boy]]'', ''[[Jahan Ara (film)|Jahan Ara]]'', ''Yeh Basti Ye Log'', ''Suhana Geet'' and an untitled film with [[Kishore Sahu]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Bali |first=Karan |date=14 February 2000 |title=Madhubala |url=https://upperstall.com/profile/luminary/madhubala/ |access-date=20 November 2021 |website=Upperstall.com}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Gurunathan |first=S. K. |date=24 August 1963 |title=Not all old is Gold! |work=Sports and Pastime |location=Madras |url=http://archive.org/details/dli.bengal.10689.12015 |access-date=24 December 2021}}</ref> She did, however,
The back-to-back blockbuster successes of ''Mughal-e-Azam'' and ''Barsaat Ki Raat'' established Madhubala as the most successful leading lady of 1960.<ref name="top">{{Cite web |date=15 January 2013 |title=Top Actress |url=http://boxofficeindia.com/cpages.php?pageName=top_actress |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130115031434/http://boxofficeindia.com/cpages.php?pageName=top_actress |archive-date=15 January 2013 |access-date=27 April 2021 |publisher=Box Office India}}</ref> She subsequently discontinued her career and only preferred starring as love interests in a few films, including the comedies ''[[Jhumroo]]'' (1961), ''[[Boy Friend (1961 film)|Boy Friend]]'' (1961) and ''[[Half Ticket (1962 film)|Half Ticket]]'' (1962), and the dramas ''[[Passport (1961 film)|Passport]]'' (1961) and ''[[Sharabi (1964 film)|Sharabi]]'' (1964).{{sfn|Lanba|Patel|2012|p=125}}
===Sabbaticals and final work (1964–69)===
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==Personal life==
Born in an orthodox family, Madhubala was deeply religious and practiced [[Islam]] since her childhood.{{sfn|Ekbal|2009|p=17}} After securing her family financially in the late 1940s, she rented a bungalow on [[Peddar Road]] in Bombay and named it "Arabian Villa". It became her permanent residence until death.{{sfn|Jhingana|2010|p=26}} She learnt driving at the age of 12 and by adulthood was
In mid-1950, Madhubala was diagnosed with an incurable [[ventricular septal defect]] in her heart during a medical checkup; the diagnosis was not made a public information as it could jeopardize her career.{{sfnm|1a1=Jhingana|1y=2010|1p=43|2a1=Ekbal|2y=2009|2p=17}}
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