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== Employment insurance regulations ==
In 1951, the State Council issued the Regulations of the [[China|People's Republic of China]] on Labour Insurance, which is a sole proprietorship that stipulates the main recipient of the insurance medical treatment labor insurance medical treatment, and that reference could be made to workers of collectively owned enterprises in towns above the county level.<ref name=":6">https://www.ide.go.jp/library/English/Publish/Reports/Als/pdf/22.pdf Labour Disputes Settlement System in China: Past and Perspective Authors: Wang zhenqi
The coverage of the Labour Insurance Regulations was further extended in 1953 and 1956 respectively and was eventually introduced in all enterprises that were state-owned in 1956. The Labour Insurance Regulations were also introduced or applied by reference to the larger, better-off, collectively owned enterprises. But even so, the expanded beneficiary population still represents a very small proportion of the sizeable Chinese population. According to statistics for 1957, the urban population accounted for only 15.39% of the country's total population in that year, and the number of people employed in establishments and government departments with regular incomes totaled less than 20% of the urban population.<ref name=":7">{{Cite web |title=中华人民共和国劳动保险条例实施细则修正草案 |trans-title=The People's Republic of China Labor Insurance Regulations Draft Amendment to the Implementing Rules |url=http://www.mohrss.gov.cn/xxgk2020/fdzdgknr/zcfg/gfxwj/shbx/201308/t20130808_109736.html |website=中华人民共和国人力资源和社会保障部}}</ref>
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Although research on health care and gender in China often employs languages that are strictly gendered, access to gender affirming care in China remains an important issue to be examined. There is currently no national survey on the amount of individuals seeking gender affirming care. It is estimated that there are around 400,000 individuals seeking [[gender-affirming surgery]] in China in 2017.<ref name=":02">{{Cite journal |last1=Zhu |first1=Xuequan |last2=Gao |first2=Yue |last3=Gillespie |first3=Amy |last4=Xin |first4=Ying |last5=Qi |first5=Ji |last6=Ou |first6=Jianjun |last7=Zhong |first7=Shaoling |last8=Peng |first8=Ke |last9=Tan |first9=Tingting |last10=Wang |first10=Chaoyue |last11=Chen |first11=Runsen |date=May 2019 |title=Health care and mental wellbeing in the transgender and gender-diverse Chinese population |url=https://doi.org/10.1016/S2213-8587(19)30079-8 |journal=The Lancet Diabetes & Endocrinology |volume=7 |issue=5 |pages=339–341 |doi=10.1016/s2213-8587(19)30079-8 |pmid=30902476 |s2cid=85455270 |issn=2213-8587}}</ref> It is difficult for transgender and gender non conforming individuals to access gender affirming care in China, and this has an adverse affect on both their physical well-being and mental health.<ref name=":13">{{Cite journal |last1=Lin |first1=Yezhe |last2=Xie |first2=Hui |last3=Huang |first3=Zimo |last4=Zhang |first4=Quan |last5=Wilson |first5=Amanda |last6=Hou |first6=Jiaojiao |last7=Zhao |first7=Xudong |last8=Wang |first8=Yuanyuan |last9=Pan |first9=Bailin |last10=Liu |first10=Ye |last11=Han |first11=Meng |last12=Chen |first12=Runsen |date=December 2021 |title=The mental health of transgender and gender non-conforming people in China: a systematic review |journal=The Lancet Public Health |language=en |volume=6 |issue=12 |pages=e954–e969 |doi=10.1016/S2468-2667(21)00236-X|doi-access=free |pmid=34838199 |hdl=10919/111780 |hdl-access=free }}</ref> There are minimal resources found with accessing gender affirming care (such as hormonal therapy or gender-affirming surgery) in China and high rates of suicide ideation and self-harm tendency are found in the transgender and gender non-conforming population.<ref name=":13" /> Transgender and gender non-conforming individuals in China have a high prevalence of depression, anxiety, and stress-related disorders.<ref name=":13" /> Due to the state's failure in regulating prescriptions drugs in general and silencing discourse related to [[trans people]], many trans people have to access such prescription hormone replacement therapy (HRT) drugs through black markets, which comes with its own risks of inappropriate dosage/wrong combination and subpar quality.<ref name=":15">{{Cite magazine |date=2023-03-21 |title=A New Drug Law and Old Attitudes Threaten China's Trans Community |url=https://time.com/6261675/china-transgender-hormones-black-market/ |access-date=2023-11-13 |magazine=Time |language=en}}</ref>
In recent years, despite the state cracking down on queer content online, progress has been made in regards to gender affirming care. The first medical team specializing in gender affirming care is placed in the [[Peking University Third Hospital]].<ref name=":11">{{Cite web |date=2019-05-10 |title=Transgender people in China risk their lives with dangerous self-surgery |url=https://www.amnesty.org/en/latest/press-release/2019/05/china-transgender-dangerous-self-surgery/ |access-date=2023-11-12 |website=Amnesty International |language=en}}</ref> This is the first of its kind health care institution pioneering gender affirming care for trans people in China.<ref name=":11" /> In 2021, the first clinic providing gender affirming care to transgender children in China opened in Shanghai.<ref name=":15" /> In 2022, the [[National Health Commission]] of China published ''Management Specification on Gender Reassignment Technology''
{{See also|transgender people in China}}
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