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In 1566, the Žďárskýs of Žďár rebuilt the local fort into a Renaissance castle. The town walls were built in the following decades. The town prospered until the [[Battle of White Mountain]] in 1620, when it was looted by Polish [[Cossacks]]. However, during the rule of Florián Jetřich Žďárský, the town began to prosper again.<ref name=history/> After the Bohemian branch of the Ždárský family died out in 1670, the town changed hands several times before it was bought by the Benedictine [[Břevnov Monastery]] in 1705.<ref name=svmk>{{cite web |title=Stručná historie Kladna|url=http://www.omk.cz/index.html?url=http://www.omk.cz/dyn/doc/historie_kladna|publisher=Sládečkovo vlastivědné muzeum v Kladně|language=cs|access-date=2023-03-13}}</ref>
In the 18th century, the town began to expand beyond its walls. In 19th century, the town developed into a significant agricultural and industrial centre.<ref name=history/> [[Bituminous coal]] was first
As a part of the [[Kingdom of Bohemia]], Kladno was part of [[Austria-Hungary]] (Austrian side after the [[Austro-Hungarian Compromise of 1867|compromise of 1867]]) for several centuries before 1918, head of the Kladno district, one of the 94 ''Bezirkshauptmannschaften'' in [[Bohemia]].<ref>Die postalischen Abstempelungen auf den österreichischen Postwertzeichen-Ausgaben 1867, 1883 und 1890, Wilhelm Klein, 1967</ref> In the 20th century, the city was one of the centres of the Czech labor movement, with frequent strikes, protests and labor action.<ref name=history/>
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