'''Carl Richard Woese''' ({{IPAc-en|ˈ|w|oʊ|z}};<ref name="sayhow">{{cite web | editor-last = Hagen | editor-first = Ray | title = Say How? A Pronunciation Guide to Names of Public Figures | work = National Library Service for the Blind and Physically Handicapped | date = August 2012 | url = https://www.loc.gov/nls/about/organization/standards-guidelines/uvwx/#w }}</ref> July 15, 1928 – December 30, 2012) was an American [[microbiologist]] and [[biophysicist]]. Woese is famous for defining the [[Archaea]] (a new [[domain (biology)|domain]] of life) in 1977 through a pioneering [[phylogenetic]] [[taxonomy (biology)|taxonomy]] of [[16S ribosomal RNA]], a technique that has revolutionized microbiology.<ref name="Woese_1990">{{cite journal | last1 = Woese | first1 = Carl R.| author-link1 = Carl Woese | last2 = Kandler | first2 = O | last3 = Wheelis | first3= M | title = Towards a natural system of organisms: proposal for the domains Archaea, Bacteria, and Eucarya | journal = Proc Natl Acad Sci USA | volume = 87 | issue = 12 | pages = 4576–9 | year = 1990 | pmid = 2112744 | doi = 10.1073/pnas.87.12.4576 | pmc = 54159 | bibcode=1990PNAS...87.4576W| author2-link = Otto Kandler| doi-access = free}}</ref><ref name="woese1978">{{cite journal | last1 = Woese | first1 = C.R.| author-link1 = Carl Woese | last2 = Magrum | first2 = L.J. | last3 = Fox | first3 = G.E.| author-link3 = George E. Fox | title = Archaebacteria | journal = J Mol Evol | volume = 11 | issue = 3 | pages = 245–51 | year = 1978 | pmid = 691075 | doi = 10.1007/BF01734485| bibcode = 1978JMolE..11..245W | s2cid = 260611975}}</ref><ref name="woese1977">{{cite journal | issn = 0027-8424| volume = 74| issue = 11| pages = 5088–5090| last1 = Woese| first1 = C. R.| author-link1 = Carl Woese| author2 = G. E. Fox| author-link2 = George E. Fox| title = Phylogenetic structure of the prokaryotic domain: The primary kingdoms| journal = Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences| date = 1977-11-01| pmid = 270744 | pmc = 432104| doi = 10.1073/pnas.74.11.5088| bibcode = 1977PNAS...74.5088W| doi-access = free}}{{open access}}</ref><ref name="morell1997"/> He also originated the [[RNA world hypothesis]] in 1967, although not by that name.<ref name="woese1967">{{Cite book | publisher = Harper & Row | last = Woese | first = Carl | title = The Genetic Code: the Molecular basis for Genetic Expression | location = New York | year = 1967 | author-link = Carl Woese}}</ref> Woese held the [[Stanley O. Ikenberry]] Chair and was professor of microbiology at the [[University of Illinois Urbana–Champaign]].<ref name="natureobit">{{Cite journal | last1 = Noller | first1 = H. | author-link = Harry F. Noller| title = Carl Woese (1928–2012) Discoverer of life's third domain, the Archaea| doi = 10.1038/493610a | journal = Nature | volume = 493 | issue = 7434 | page = 610 | year = 2013 | pmid = 23364736|bibcode = 2013Natur.493..610N | s2cid = 205076152 | doi-access = free }}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal
