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==History==
[[File:Lautrec moulin rouge, la goulue (poster) 1891.jpg|thumb|upright|{{center|"Moulin Rouge - La Goulue" <br />[[Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec|Toulouse-Lautrec]], 1891}}]]
[[File:Poster for Ranch 10 by Harry Meredith.jpg|thumb|[[Lithograph]] poster for ''Ranch 10'', a [[Western (genre)|Western-themed]] [[Play (theater)|play]] by Harry Meredith that opened in [[New York City]] in August 1882]]
===Introduction===
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[[File:Flickr - …trialsanderrors - The Queen of Chinatown by Joseph Jarrow, Broadway poster, 1899.jpg|thumb|upright|left|The Queen of Chinatown by Joseph Jarrow, Broadway poster, 1899]]
Posters, in the form of placards and posted bills, have been used since earliest times, primarily for advertising and announcements. Purely textual posters have a long history: they advertised the plays of [[William Shakespeare|Shakespeare]] and made citizens aware of government proclamations for centuries. The great revolution in posters, however, was the development of printing techniques that allowed for cheap mass production and printing, notably including the technique of [[lithography]], which was invented in 1796 by the German [[Alois Senefelder]]. The invention of lithography was soon followed by [[chromolithography]], which allowed for mass editions of posters illustrated in vibrant colors to be printed.
===Developing art form===
By the 1890s, the technique had spread throughout Europe. A number of noted French artists created poster art in this period, foremost amongst them [[Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec]], [[Jules Chéret]], [[Eugène Grasset]], [[Adolphe Willette]], [[Pierre Bonnard]], [[Louis Anquetin]], the brothers [[Léon Choubrac|Léon]] and [[Alfred Choubrac]], [[Georges de Feure]], and [[Henri-Gabriel Ibels]].<ref>The modern poster by Arsène Alexandre</ref> Chéret is considered to be the "father" of advertisement placards. He was a pencil artist and a scene decorator, who founded a small lithography office in Paris in 1866. He used striking characters, contrast, and bright colors, and created more than 1000 advertisements, primarily for exhibitions, theatres, and products. The industry soon attracted the service of many aspiring painters who needed a source of revenue to support themselves.
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