Oină: Difference between revisions

The name "oină" was originally "hoina",<ref>{{cite web|url=http://froina.ro/istoric/personalitati-implicate-oina/|title=personalitati|website=froina.ro|access-date=26 April 2018|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180327023742/http://froina.ro/istoric/personalitati-implicate-oina/|archive-date=27 March 2018}}</ref> and is derived from the [[Cuman language|Cuman]] word ''oynfor'' "game" (a cognate of Turkish ''[[wikt:oyun|oyun]]'').<ref>''[http://dexonline.ro/definitie/oină/504140 oină] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160309115712/https://dexonline.ro/definitie/oin%C4%83/504140 |date=2016-03-09 }}'', in Alexandru Ciorănescu, ''Dicționarul etimologic român'', Universidad de la Laguna, Tenerife, 1958–1966.</ref>

The oldest direct mention comes from a diet manual of 1782 by medic [[István Mátyus]], who talks about the health benefits of oinawine.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ziare.com/cultura/istoria-culturii-si-civilizatiei/mitul-oinei-inventia-sportului-national-i-1280055|title=Mitul oinei: Inventia sportului national (I)|website=ziare.com|access-date=26 April 2018|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180327084234/http://www.ziare.com/cultura/istoria-culturii-si-civilizatiei/mitul-oinei-inventia-sportului-national-i-1280055|archive-date=27 March 2018}}</ref> However, it may have been attested as early as in 1364.<ref>[http://www.sportbiz.ro/froina/index.html Federatia Romana de Oina - informatii, regulament, competitii]</ref>

Today, there are two oină federations: one in [[Bucharest]], [[Romania]] , and another one in [[Chișinău]], [[Moldova]].{{citation needed|date=August 2020}}

In recent years the Romanian oină Federation has launched a wide campaign to revive this kind of sport. Most of the traditional centrescenters have been restored, and new areas have also been incorporated, so oină is practiced in more than 40 regions at the moment.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://froina.ro/page.php?105 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140103192731/http://froina.ro/page.php?105 | archive-date=2014-01-03 | title=Istoria Jocului de Oina - Federatia Romana de Oina - Site Oficial }}</ref>

* the in -game ("''în joc''") area, which is {{convert|60x32|m}}

* the batting zone ("''zona de bătaie''") – {{convert|5|m}} long – delimited from the in -game area by the batting line

* the back zone ("''zona de fund''") – a {{convert|5|m}} long safe zone during a run – delimited from the in -game area by the back linebackline

The in -game area is further split into the advance and return triangles and squares. At the intersection of the lines inside the game area and the pitch limits or other lines within the game area, there aresome circles which determine the positions of the midfielders ("''mijlocași''") and side players ("''mărginași''"). The 1m and 3m semicircles are used for batting and serving. A waiting line is drawn for attacking players to wait their turn to bat.

There are two teams of 11 players, one attacking side or "at bat" ("''la bătaie''") and one defending side or "at catch" ("''la prindere''"). The roles switch at half -time.

Each team has a captain ("''căpitan''" or "''baci''""). The midfielder 2 is usually used as captain because he can throw the ball at an attacking player in any game position. For this reason, the midfielder 2 is also known as a ''baci''.

The teams have very different roles depending on whether they are at bat or ata catch. At bat, players are tasked to open a play and run the lanes until they cross the escape line. At the catch, players are tasked to hit the players running the lanes with the ball. There can be a maximum of two players running each lane at the same time. A player can be hit in both lanes once.

The team at bat is selected by a ritual where the players have to grab the bat, thrown by the referee, and the last one to be able to place at least four fingers on the bat wins. The game begins with the team at bat, with one of the players throwing the ball while another player of the same team has to hit it with a wooden bat ("''bâtă''") and send it as far as he can towardstoward the adversary field. After that, if the ball is caught by the adversaries, the player can run (if he wishes, or if he is forced to run by the referee) the advance and return corridors/lanes ("''culoareleculpable de ducere și întoarcere''"), without being hit by the defenders. If he stops the ball with his palm, it is not considered a hit. The player is not allowed to catch the ball, and he must release it immediately. If the player doing a run is hit he goes out of field and into the back zone, or he finishes his tasks, depending on which lane he is running.

===In -game===

At the catch, players score two points for each player hit with a ball, unless the ball touches the palm or the back of the palm.

* the ball is touched in the air by the defense, and goes out of bounds in the air from within the back zone – 2 points

* the ball is diverted out of bounds in the air from within the threequarteesthreequarters area by the defense – 1 point

* In oină, the defense can score by hitting the attacking players that are in -game (running the lanes)

* "Antena Satelor" National Championship (juniorJunior)

A number ofSeveral international events are organized:

Oină and variants of the sport are also played in neighboring countries where there has been or still is a Romanian ethnic or cultural presence. As part of its program to bring oină to the spotlight again, the FRO has begun the process of creating an international federation.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.sportlocal.ro/detaliu-stire-national/romnia-i-moldova-pun-bazele-federaiei-internaionale-de-oin |title=România şi Moldova pun bazele Federaţiei Internaţionale de Oină :: Sport Local |access-date=2010-05-26 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100220052123/http://www.sportlocal.ro/detaliu-stire-national/romnia-i-moldova-pun-bazele-federaiei-internaionale-de-oin |archive-date=2010-02-20 }} Romania and the Republic of Moldova place the foundation of the International Oină Federation</ref> A minimum of three national federations need to exist in order to form an international federation, and two exist already (the Romanian and Moldovan federations). The FRO has begun talks of founding oină clubs and federations in neighboring Bulgaria and Serbia,<ref>http://froina.sportlocal.ro/blog/stiri.html#Oina%20ajunge{{dead link|date=April 2018 |bot=SheriffIsInTown |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> and in Sweden.<ref>http://froina.sportlocal.ro/blog/stiri.html#Turneu%20international{{dead link|date=April 2018 |bot=SheriffIsInTown |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Demonstration matches are to be held in Serbia.

*[[Dinamic Coruia|Dynamic Coruia]]

*[https://web.archive.org/web/20080319101810/http://www.oina.ro/ The Oină Association website, created in collaboration with the Romanian Oină Federation withinto the purpose of promotingpromote oină as a Romanian national sport] {{in lang|ro}}