LGBT movements: Difference between revisions

As with other social movements, there is also conflict within and between LGBT movements, especially about strategies for change and debates over exactly who represents the constituency of these movements, and this also applies to changing education.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Kitchen |first1=Julian |last2=Bellini |first2=Christine |title=Addressing Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender, and Queer (LGBTQ) Issues in Teacher Education: Teacher Candidates' Perceptions |journal=Alberta Journal of Educational Research |date=2012 |volume=58 |issue=3 |pages=444–460 |url=https://journalhosting.ucalgary.ca/index.php/ajer/article/view/55632 }}</ref> There is debate over whatthe extent that lesbians, gays, bisexuals, transgender people, [[intersex]] people, and others share common interests and a need to work together. Leaders of the lesbian and gay movement of the 1970s, '80s and '90s often attempted to hide masculine lesbians, feminine [[gay men]], transgender people, and bisexuals from the public eye, creating internal divisions within LGBT communities.<ref>Bull, C., and J. Gallagher (1996) Perfect Enemies: The Religious Right, the Gay Movement, and the Politics of the 1990s. New York: Crown.{{page needed|date=August 2020}}</ref> Roffee and Waling (2016) documented that LGBT people experience microaggressions, bullying and anti-social behaviors from other people within the LGBT community. This is due to misconceptions and conflicting views as to what entails "LGBT". For example, transgender people found that other members of the community were not understanding totoward their own, individual, specific needs and would instead make ignorant assumptions, and this cancould cause health risks.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Parker |first1=Richard G. |title=Sexuality, Health, and Human Rights |journal=American Journal of Public Health |date=June 2007 |volume=97 |issue=6 |pages=972–973 |doi=10.2105/AJPH.2007.113365 |pmid=17463362 |pmc=1874191 }}</ref> Additionally, bisexual people found that lesbian or gay people were not understanding or appreciative of the bisexual sexuality. Evidently, even though most of these people would say that they stand for the same values as the majority of the community, there are still remaining inconsistencies even within the LGBT community.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Roffee |first1=James A. |last2=Waling |first2=Andrea |title=Rethinking microaggressions and anti-social behaviour against LGBTIQ+ youth |journal=Safer Communities |date=October 10, 2016 |volume=15 |issue=4 |pages=190–201 |doi=10.1108/SC-02-2016-0004 }}</ref>

LGBT movements have often adopted a kind of [[identity politics]] that sees gay, bisexual, and transgender people as a fixed class of people; a [[minority group]] or groups, and this is very common among LGBT communities.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Balsam |first1=Kimberly F. |last2=Molina |first2=Yamile |last3=Beadnell |first3=Blair |last4=Simoni |first4=Jane |last5=Walters |first5=Karina |title=Measuring multiple minority stress: The LGBT People of Color Microaggressions Scale |journal=Cultural Diversity and Ethnic Minority Psychology |date=April 2011 |volume=17 |issue=2 |pages=163–174 |doi=10.1037/a0023244 |pmid=21604840 |pmc=4059824 }}</ref> Those using this approach aspire to liberal political goals of freedom and [[equal opportunity]], and aim to join the political mainstream on the same level as other groups in society.<ref>One example of this approach is: [[Andrew Sullivan|Sullivan, Andrew]] (1997). ''Same-Sex Marriage: Pro and Con''. New York: Vintage.{{page needed|date=August 2020}}</ref> In arguing that [[sexual orientation]] and [[gender identity]] are innate and cannot be consciously changed, attempts to change gay, lesbian, and bisexual people into heterosexuals ("[[conversion therapy]]") are generally opposed by the LGBT community. Such attempts are often based inon [[religious beliefs]] that perceive gay, lesbian, and bisexual activity as immoral.