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Line 76: Historically, the parish of Cramond extended from the shore of the Firth of Forth in the north to the parish of [[Corstorphine]] in the south, and was bounded on the west by the parishes of [[Dalmeny]] and [[Kirkliston]] and on the east by the parish of St Cuthbert's.<ref name="geography">Wood (1794), p. 1</ref> It covered an area of fifteen square miles, and encompassed the villages of [[Granton, Edinburgh\|Granton]], [[Pilton, Edinburgh\|Pilton]], [[Muirhouse]], [[Davidson's Mains]], [[Blackhall, Edinburgh\|Blackhall]], [[Ravelston]], [[Craigcrook]], [[Turnhouse]] and [[Craigiehall]].<ref name="parish boundaries">Brown (2000), p. 1</ref> The area has a low, gently undulating [[topography]] that drops down from the top of Corstorphine hill to the shore in three gradual stages and is intersected by the River Almond which flows northward into the Forth.<ref name="topography">Cramond Heritage Trust (1996), p. 4</ref> [[John Philip Wood]] writing in 1794 ~~called~~calls the river "Amon" and notes the stretch running from Craigiehall to the Firth of Forth has wooded, high and steep banks, "frequently chequered with bold and overhanging rocks".<ref>Wood (1794), p. 2</ref> During the last ice age the area was heavily glaciated, and the main direction of the ice flow was west to east. Consequently, there are rock deposits on the east side of landforms such as the Almond river valley, and until the Cramond promenade was built in the 1930s large glacial boulders were strewn along the shore.<ref name="topography"/> The geology of Cramond consists of [[calciferous sandstone]], which mixed with two later [[Sill (geology)\|sills]] to give the area its characteristic chocolate-brown soil.<ref name="topography"/> The leaflet "Geological history of cramond" provides information about the geology of the cramond area such as that there is a coal seam visible near the beach on the south west side of the river almond estuary.<ref>"Geological history of cramond Edinburgh ... copyright 2014 lothian and borders geoconservation, a committee of the edinburgh geological society, a charity registered in Scotland. Charity no: sc008011. The cramond heritage trust is a charity registered in scotland. Charity no: sc000754”

Cramond: Difference between revisions