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{{short description|U.S. diplomat and Holocaust historian (born 1947)}}
{{use American English|date=November 2018}}
{{Infobox officeholder
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'''Deborah Esther Lipstadt''' (born March 18, 1947) is an American historian and diplomat, best known as author of the books ''[[Denying the Holocaust]]'' (1993), ''History on Trial: My Day in Court with a Holocaust Denier'' (2005), ''The Eichmann Trial'' (2011), and ''[[Antisemitism: Here and Now]]'' (2019). She has served as the [[Office to Monitor and Combat Anti-Semitism|United States Special Envoy for Monitoring and Combating Anti-Semitism]] since May 3, 2022. Since 1993 she has been the Dorot Professor of Modern Jewish History and Holocaust Studies at [[Emory University]] in [[Atlanta]], [[Georgia (U.S. state)|Georgia]], US.<ref name="Lipstadt at Jewish woman archive">[https://jwa.org/encyclopedia/article/lipstadt-deborah Lipstadt at Jewish woman archive] Retrieved 19 January 2019.</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Deborah E. Lipstadt|url=http://religion.emory.edu/home/people/faculty/lipstadt-deborah.html|publisher=Emory University|access-date=2 September 2015|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150906080441/http://religion.emory.edu/home/people/faculty/lipstadt-deborah.html|archive-date=6 September 2015}}</ref>
Lipstadt was a consultant to the [[United States Holocaust Memorial Museum]]. In 1994, [[President of the United States]] [[Bill Clinton]] appointed her to the [[United States Holocaust Memorial Council]], and she served two terms.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.huc.edu/newspubs/pressroom/2005/11/bamberger1.shtml|title=Third Annual Bamberger Memorial Lecture with Deborah E. Lipstadt (November 22,2005)|publisher=[[Hebrew Union College|Hebrew Union College-Jewish Institute of Religion]] News & Publications|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060904011308/http://www.huc.edu/newspubs/pressroom/2005/11/bamberger1.shtml|archive-date=September 4, 2006 |url-status=dead|access-date=June 14, 2008}}</ref> On July 30, 2021, President [[Joe Biden]] nominated her to be the [[Special Envoy|United States Special Envoy]] for [[Office to Monitor and Combat Anti-Semitism|Monitoring and Combating Anti-Semitism]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.timesofisrael.com/biden-to-nominate-deborah-lipstadt-as-antisemitism-envoy/|title=Biden to nominate Holocaust historian Deborah Lipstadt as US antisemitism envoy|publisher=[[The Times of Israel]]|access-date=July 30, 2021}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Emory historian Deborah Lipstadt nominated as U.S. envoy to combat and monitor antisemitism|url=https://news.emory.edu/features/2021/08/deborah-lipstadt-biden-envoy/index.html|access-date=2021-10-06|website=news.emory.edu|language=en}}</ref> She was confirmed by voice-vote on March 30, 2022, and sworn in on May 3, 2022.<ref>
==Life and career==
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In her youth, she studied at the Hebrew Institute of Long Island, and grew up in [[Far Rockaway, Queens]]. She studied with Rabbi [[Emanuel Rackman]] at Temple Shaarei Tefillah. Lipstadt spent summers at [[Camp Massad (Poconos)|Camp Massad]].
She spent her junior year of college in Israel during the [[Six-Day War]], where she stayed as an exchange student at the [[Hebrew University of Jerusalem]]. She completed her undergraduate work in American history at the [[City College of New York]] in 1969, receiving a BA. She then enrolled at [[Brandeis University]] where she completed her
After receiving her Ph.D., Lipstadt began teaching, first at the [[University of Washington]] in Seattle<ref name="Lipstadt at Jewish woman archive"/><ref>[http://www.hadassahmagazine.org/2006/08/11/profile-deborah-lipstadt/ profile-deborah-lipstadt in Hadassah Magazine, 11 August 2006], retrieved 19 January 2019</ref> from 1974 to 1979, then as an assistant professor at [[University of California, Los Angeles|UCLA]]. When she was denied tenure there, she left in 1985 to be the director of the independent [[Brandeis-Bardin Institute]] for two years, during which time she also wrote a monthly column for ''The Jewish Spectator''. Lipstadt then received a research fellowship from the [[Vidal Sassoon International Center for the Study of Antisemitism]] at [[Hebrew University of Jerusalem]], during which she studied Holocaust denial, and taught at [[Occidental College]] part time.<ref name=jwa>[https://jwa.org/encyclopedia/article/lipstadt-deborah "Deborah Lipstadt"] Jewish Women's Archive website</ref>
Lipstadt then became an
===US Antisemitism Envoy===
In May 2021, Lipstadt was considered for an ambassadorship position at the [[Office to Monitor and Combat Anti-Semitism]] in the [[Biden Administration|Biden administration]].<ref>{{Cite news|date=2021-04-07|title=These names are being talked about to be the US anti-Semitism monitor|url=https://www.jta.org/2021/04/07/politics/these-names-are-being-talked-about-to-be-the-us-anti-semitism-monitor|access-date=2021-05-03|website=Jewish Telegraphic Agency|language=en-US}}</ref>
On July 30, 2021, President [[Joe Biden]] nominated Lipstadt for this role.<ref>{{cite web |title=President Biden Announces Intent to Nominate and Appoint Leaders to Serve in Key Religious Affairs Roles |url=https://www.whitehouse.gov/briefing-room/statements-releases/2021/07/30/president-biden-announces-intent-to-nominate-and-appoint-leaders-to-serve-in-key-religious-affairs-roles/ |website=The White House |date=30 July 2021 |access-date=28 March 2022}}</ref> Opposition from Senator [[Ron Johnson]], whom she had tweeted was advocating "white supremacy/nationalism", delayed her nomination for many months.<ref name="forward.com">{{Cite web|url=https://forward.com/fast-forward/484685/senate-advances-nomination-of-deborah-lipstadt-as-antisemitism-envoy/|title = Senate advances nomination of Deborah Lipstadt as antisemitism envoy| date=29 March 2022 }}</ref> Her initial nomination expired at the end of the year and was returned to President Biden on January 3, 2022.<ref>{{cite web |title=PN1165 — Deborah E. Lipstadt — Department of State 117th Congress (2021–2022) |url=https://www.congress.gov/nomination/117th-congress/1165?q=%7B%22search%22%3A%5B%22lipstadt%22%2C%22lipstadt%22%5D%7D&s=2&r=2 |website=US Congress |date = 3 January 2022|access-date=28 March 2022}}</ref>
The [[Senate Foreign Relations Committee]] held hearings on her nomination on February 8, 2022. On March 29, 2022, the committee favorably reported her nomination out of committee. Her nomination was supported by all committee Democrats, as well as senators [[Mitt Romney]] and [[Marco Rubio]].<ref
==David Irving libel suit==
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Along the same lines, Lipstadt has criticized the German philosopher and historian [[Ernst Nolte]] for engaging in what she calls "soft-core denial" of the Holocaust, arguing that Nolte practices an even more dangerous form of [[Historical negationism|negationism]] than the Holocaust deniers. Speaking of Nolte in a 2003 interview, Lipstadt stated:
{{
In late 2011, Lipstadt attacked American and Israeli politicians for what she called their invocation of the Holocaust for contemporary political purposes, something she thought mangled history. She rebuked [[Republican Party (United States)|Republican Party]] presidential candidates for speeches that 'pandered' to the [[Evangelism|Evangelical]] constituency, as much as it did to the [[Republican Jewish Coalition]]. She also judged [[Howard Gutman]]'s remarks on causal links between Muslim antisemitism and the Israeli–Palestinian conflict as "stupid". According to ''Haaretz'', "She decried the 'hysteria' and 'neuroses' of many Jews and Israelis who compare the current situation in Europe and in the Middle East to the Holocaust-era":<ref name=" Shalev">Chemi Shalev,
[http://www.haaretz.com/jewish-world/top-holocaust-scholar-blasts-holocaust-abuse-by-u-s-israeli-politicians-1.401821 "Top Holocaust scholar blasts 'Holocaust-abuse' by U.S., Israeli politicians"]. {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111221045304/http://www.haaretz.com/jewish-world/top-holocaust-scholar-blasts-holocaust-abuse-by-u-s-israeli-politicians-1.401821 |date=2011-12-21 }} at ''[[Haaretz]]'', December 16, 2011.</ref>
{{
[http://www.haaretz.com/jewish-world/full-interview-with-holocaust-historian-deborah-lipstadt-1.401823 "Full Interview with Holocaust historian Deborah Lipstadt"]. {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111217030704/http://www.haaretz.com/jewish-world/full-interview-with-holocaust-historian-deborah-lipstadt-1.401823 |date=2011-12-17 }} at ''Haaretz'', December 16, 2011.</ref>}}
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{{wikisource|David Irving v. Penguin Books and Deborah Lipstadt}}
* {{Official
* [http://religion.emory.edu/home/people/faculty/lipstadt-deborah.html Deborah Lipstadt] Faculty biography at [[Emory University]].
* [http://lipstadt.blogspot.com/ Deborah Lipstadt's blog].
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