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In the North Pennines are: 40% of the UK's upland hay meadows; 30% of England's upland heathland and 27% of its [[blanket bog]]; 80% of England's [[black grouse]] (and also breeding [[short-eared owl]], [[ring ouzel]], [[common snipe]] and [[common redshank]]); 36% of the AONB designated as [[Sites of Special Scientific Interest]]; [[red squirrel]]s, [[otter]]s and rare arctic alpine plants; 22,000 pairs of breeding [[wader]]s and one of England's biggest waterfalls – [[High Force]].<ref>{{cite web|title=North Pennines AONB|url=http://www.landscapesforlife.org.uk/north-pennines-aonb.html|website=www.landscapesforlife.org.uk|access-date=5 January 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170307203025/http://www.landscapesforlife.org.uk/north-pennines-aonb.html|archive-date=7 March 2017|url-status=dead}}</ref> The area shares a boundary with the [[Yorkshire Dales National Park]] in the south and extends as far as the Tyne Valley, just south of [[Hadrian's Wall]] in the north.<ref>{{cite web|title=North Pennines AONB|url=http://www.landscapesforlife.org.uk/north-pennines-aonb.html|website=www.landscapesforlife.org.uk|access-date=5 January 2017|pages=26–27|format=PDF|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170307203025/http://www.landscapesforlife.org.uk/north-pennines-aonb.html|archive-date=7 March 2017|url-status=dead}}</ref>
The AONB is notable for rare flora and fauna, including wild alpine plants not found elsewhere in Britain. It is also home to red squirrels and diverse birds of prey. The impressive landscape of the North Pennines – from High Force on the River Tees to the sweeping valley of High Cup Gill above [[Dufton]] – are the product of millions of years of geological processes. The worldwide significance of the geology found in the area was recognised in 2003 when the AONB became Britain's first [[European Geopark]].<ref>{{cite web|title=13/08/03 - North Pennines AONB gets Country`s first European Geopark status|url=http://www.cumbria.gov.uk/news/Archive/2003/august/13_08_03---North-Pennines-AONB-gets-Countrys-first-European-Geopark-status.asp|website=www.cumbria.gov.uk|access-date=5 January 2017}}</ref> A year later the area become one of the founding members of the [[UNESCO]]-assisted [[Global Geoparks Network|Global Geopark]] family and in 2015 it was accorded official status as a UNESCO Global Geopark.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Henderson|first1=Tony|title=North Pennines is to be formally declared an official UNESCO global geopark|url=http://www.chroniclelive.co.uk/news/north-east-news/north-pennines-formally-declared-official-10467966|access-date=5 January 2017|work=nechronicle|date=22 November 2015}}</ref> Geoparks are areas with outstanding geological heritage where this is being used to support sustainable development.<ref>{{cite book|last1=McMillan|first1=A A|editor1-last=Burek|editor1-first=C
Another of the North Pennines' oddities is that it is home to England's only named wind, the [[Helm Wind]]. It has caught out many walkers traversing the plateaux around [[Cross Fell]], the [[River Eden, Cumbria|Eden Valley]] fellside, and the valleys between [[Alston, Cumbria|Alston]] and Dufton.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Plester|first1=Jeremy|title=Weatherwatch: The rolling clouds of the wind that shook the Normans|url=https://www.theguardian.com/news/2013/apr/21/weatherwatch-wind-clouds-pennines-cumbria|access-date=5 January 2017|work=The Guardian|date=21 April 2013}}</ref>
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One of the many walking routes in the North Pennines is [[Isaac's Tea Trail]], a circular route of {{convert|37|mi}} around the area, running from [[Ninebanks]] via [[Allendale, Northumberland|Allendale]], [[Nenthead]] and [[Alston, Cumbria|Alston]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Isaac's Tea Trail - LDWA Long Distance Paths|url=https://www.ldwa.org.uk/ldp/members/show_path.php?path_name=Isaac's+Tea+Trail|website=www.ldwa.org.uk|access-date=5 January 2017}}</ref> In addition to this, a large section of the [[Pennine Way]] falls in the AONB,<ref>{{cite book|last1=Stephenson|first1=Tom|title=The Pennine Way|date=1980|publisher=H.M.S.O. for the Countryside Commission|location=London|isbn=0-11-700903-2|pages=48–67|edition=2nd}}</ref> including one of the most celebrated stretches through [[Teesdale]], a lush valley with dramatic river scenery including the twin attractions of High Force and [[Cauldron Snout]].
==Culture==
The great English poet [[W. H. Auden]] spent much time in this area and some forty poems and two plays are set here. Auden visited the area in 1919 and "five years later was writing poems about Alston Moor and Allendale."<ref>{{cite book|first=W
==Visitor centre==
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