Gascon campaign of 1345: Difference between revisions

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{{Legend|#FFB6C1|England and English-controlled Guyenne/Gascony in 1330}}]]
 
Before the war commenced, well over 1,000 ships a year departed Gascony. Among their cargoes were over {{convert|200000000|imppt|l80,000 [[Tun uspt(volume)|sigfig=2|abbr=off}}tuns]] of locally produced wine.{{sfn|Rodger|2004|pp=xix–xx, 79}} The duty levied by the English Crown on wine from [[Bordeaux]] raised more money than all other customs duties combined and was by far the largest source of state income.{{sfn|Rodger|2004|pp=79–80}} Bordeaux, the capital of Gascony, grew rich on this trade; it had a population of over 50,000, greater than London's,{{sfn|Sumption|1990|pp=39–40}} and Bordeaux was possibly richer. By this time English Gascony had become so truncated by French encroachments that it relied on imports of food, largely from England. Any interruptions to regular shipping were liable to starve Gascony and financially cripple England; the French were well aware of this.{{sfn|Rodger|2004|pp=79–80}}
 
Although Gascony was the cause of the war, Edward was able to spare few resources for it. When an English army had campaigned on the continent earlier in the war it had operated in northern France, causing the Gascons to largely rely on their own resources; they had been hard pressed as a consequence.{{sfn|Fowler|1961|pp=139–140}}{{sfn|Rogers|2004|p=95}} In 1339 the French besieged Bordeaux, even breaking into the city with a large force before they were repulsed.{{sfn|Sumption|1990|pp=273, 275}} Typically the Gascons could field 3,000–6,000 men, the large majority of whom were infantry, although up to two-thirds of them would be tied down in garrisons.{{sfn|Fowler|1961|pp=143–144}}