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The hypothesis that human fetuses are capable of perceiving [[pain]] in the first trimester has little support, although fetuses at 8 weeks respond to touch.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Marx|first1=Viola|last2=Nagy|first2=Emese|date=2015-06-08|title=Fetal Behavioural Responses to Maternal Voice and Touch|journal=PLOS ONE|volume=10|issue=6|pages=e0129118|doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0129118|issn=1932-6203|pmc=4460088|pmid=26053388|bibcode=2015PLoSO..1029118M|doi-access=free}}</ref>{{Additional citation needed|date=May 2022|reason=Source is just a single article and not a review; The 8-week figure was only mentioned in passing as a figure from a popular book instead of being an experimental result.}} A multidisciplinary [[systematic review]] from 2005 found limited evidence that thalamocortical pathways begin to function "around 29 to 30 weeks’ gestational age", only after which a fetus is capable of feeling pain.<ref name="Lee">{{cite journal|last1=Lee|first1=Susan J.|last2=Ralston|first2=Henry J. Peter|last3=Drey|first3=Eleanor A.|last4=Partridge|first4=John Colin|last5=Rosen|first5=Mark A.|year=2005|title=Fetal Pain|journal=JAMA|volume=294|issue=8|pages=947–54|doi=10.1001/jama.294.8.947|pmid=16118385|doi-access=free}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |doi=10.1136/bmj.332.7546.909 |pmid=16613970 |pmc=1440624 |title=Can fetuses feel pain? |journal=BMJ |volume=332 |issue=7546 |pages=909–12 |year=2006 |last1=Derbyshire |first1=S. W G }}</ref>
In March 2010, the Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists submitted a report,<ref name="royalcollege">{{Cite web|date=March 2010|title=Fetal Awareness – Review of Research and Recommendations for Practice|url=http://www.rcog.org.uk/files/rcog-corp/RCOGFetalAwarenessWPR0610.pdf|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111002222748/http://www.rcog.org.uk/files/rcog-corp/RCOGFetalAwarenessWPR0610.pdf|archive-date=2011-10-02|publisher=[[Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists]]|via=Internet Archive|access-date=2019-03-27}}</ref> concluding that "Current research shows that the sensory structures are not developed or specialized enough to respond to pain in a fetus of less than 24 weeks",<ref name="royalcollege" />{{rp|22}}
<blockquote>The neural regions and pathways that are responsible for pain experience remain under debate but it is generally accepted that pain from physical trauma requires an intact pathway from the periphery, through the spinal cord, into the thalamus and on to regions of the cerebral cortex including the primary sensory cortex (S1), the insular cortex and the anterior cingulated cortex. Fetal pain is not possible before these necessary neural pathways and structures have developed.<ref name="royalcollege" />{{rp|3}}</blockquote>
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