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==History==
[[File:Galeamopus pabsti skull.jpg|thumb|left|The skull of the [[holotype]] specimen of ''Galeamopus pabsti'', SMA 00011, nicknamed "Max"]]
The first specimen reffered to ''Galeamopus'' was collected by Marshall P. Felch in September, 1884 at his quarry in [[Garden Park, Colorado|Garden Park]], [[Colorado]]. The specimen consisted of a partial skull and mandibles, which Felch sent to his employer at the [[Peabody Museum of Natural History|Yale Peabody Museum]], [[Othniel Charles Marsh]], but was later deposited at the [[National Museum of Natural History]] (USNM V 2673). It was reffered to ''Diplodocus'' for many years until Tschopp ''et al'' referred the remains to ''Galeamopus'' in 2015<ref name="TMB2015" /> and ''Galeamopus pabsti'' in 2017.<ref name="pabsti" />
''Galeamopus'' was first known from a partial skeleton discovered by fossil hunter William H. Utterback in 1902 near [[Sheridan, Wyoming]], in the Red Fork Powder River Quarry A. In 1906, the skeleton was referred to ''[[Diplodocus]]'' by [[William Jacob Holland]] when he described its braincase.<ref>{{cite journal | last1 = Holland | first1 = W.J. | year = 1906 | title = The osteology of ''Diplodocus'' Marsh | journal = Memoirs of the Carnegie Museum | volume = 2 | pages = 225–264 }}</ref> The specimen was classified by Holland as a new species of ''Diplodocus'', ''Diplodocus hayi'', in 1924. The [[specific name (zoology)|specific name]] honoured [[Oliver Perry Hay]].<ref>Holland WJ. The skull of ''Diplodocus''. Memoirs of the Carnegie Museum IX; 379–403 (1924).</ref>▼
▲The type specimen of ''
The next ''Galeamopus'' specimen was discovered and collected by Peter Kaisen in 1903 at [[Bone Cabin Quarry]], Wyoming.<ref name="TMB2015" /><ref name="pabsti" /> This specimen (AMNH 969) consisted of a nearly complete skull and the atlas-axis complex preserved in articulation<ref name="TMB2015" />, and it was also referred to ''Diplodocus'' until Tschopp’s reassessment<ref name="pabsti" /><ref name="TMB2015" />, which placed it as a specimen of ''Galeamopus hayi''.<ref name="pabsti" />
In 2015, it was renamed as the separate genus ''Galeamopus'' by [[Emanuel Tschopp]], [[Octávio Mateus]] and [[Roger Benson]]. The generic name is derived from [[Latin]] ''galeam'', the [[accusative]] of ''galea'', "helmet", and ''opus'', "need". The combination is intended as a translation of Wil-helm, literally "want helmet", in reference to the first name of both Utterback and Holland. The name is at the same time an allusion to the fact that the brittle braincase of the type specimen is in need of a helmet.<ref name=TMB2015>{{Cite journal | doi = 10.7717/peerj.857| title = A specimen-level phylogenetic analysis and taxonomic revision of Diplodocidae (Dinosauria, Sauropoda)| journal = PeerJ| volume = 3| pages = e857| year = 2015| last1 = Tschopp | first1 = E. | last2 = Mateus | first2 = O. V. | last3 = Benson | first3 = R. B. J. | pmid=25870766 | pmc=4393826}}</ref>
The genoholotype is '''HMNS 175''' (previously CM 662), the original skeleton. It was found in layer of the lower [[Morrison Formation]] dating from the [[Kimmeridgian]]. This specimen is also the [[holotype]] of ''Galeamopus hayi'', the ''[[combinatio nova]]'' of the [[type species]] ''D. hayi''. Several other specimens were referred to the genus ''Galeamopus'' but not to ''Galeamopus hayi''
SMA 0011, a skeleton nicknamed "Max" and found in June 1995 at the Howe-Stephens Quarry, was considered sufficiently different from the others to consider naming a separate species for it.<ref name=TMB2015/> The skeleton included a nearly complete skull and mandibles and the majority of the anterior postcranial skeleton.<ref name="pabsti" /> In 2017, the "Max" specimen was made the type specimen of a second ''Galeamopus'' species, ''G. pabsti'', by Tschopp and Mateus. It was named after the Swiss paleontologist Dr. Ben Pabst, who discovered the specimen and helped mount the skeleton at [[Sauriermuseum Aathal]].<ref name=pabsti>{{cite journal |author1=Emanuel Tschopp |author2=Octávio Mateus |year=2017 |title=Osteology of ''Galeamopus pabsti'' sp. nov. (Sauropoda: Diplodocidae), with implications for neurocentral closure timing, and the cervico-dorsal transition in diplodocids |url=https://peerj.com/articles/3179/ |journal=PeerJ |volume=5 |pages=e3179 |doi=10.7717/peerj.3179 |pmc=5417106 |pmid=28480132 }}</ref>
==Description==
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