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[[authority]], [[hierarchy]], and [[social norm]]s. Subversion can be described as an attack on the public morale and, "the will to resist intervention are the products of combined political and social or class loyalties which are usually attached to national symbols. Following penetration, and parallel with the forced disintegration of political and social institutions of the state, these tendencies may be detached and transferred to the political or ideological cause of the aggressor".<ref>{{cite book |last=Blackstock |first=Paul W. |year=1964 |title=The Strategy of Subversion: Manipulating the Politics of Other Nations (Hardcover) |url=https://www.amazon.com/The-strategy-subversion-Manipulating-politics/dp/B0007DNMFK |edition=1st |location=Chicago |publisher=Quadrangle Books |page=56 |access-date=2015-03-11}}</ref> Subversion is used as a tool to achieve political goals because it generally carries less risk, cost, and difficulty as opposed to open [[belligerency]]. Furthermore, it is a relatively cheap form of [[warfare]] that does not require large amounts of training.<ref>{{cite journal |url=https://www.rand.org/pubs/notes/N2412 |title=Countering Covert Aggression |last1=Hosmer |first1=Stephen T. |last2=George |first2=K. Tanham |year=1986 |location=Santa Monica, California |publisher=RAND Corporation |pages=3–4 |series=Notes}}</ref> A '''subversive''' is something or someone carrying the potential for some degree of subversion. In this context, a "subversive" is sometimes called a "[[traitor]]" with respect to (and usually by) the government in
[[Terrorist]] groups generally do not employ subversion as a tool to achieve their goals. Subversion is a manpower-intensive strategy and many groups lack the manpower and political and social connections to carry out subversive activities.<ref>{{cite book |url=https://www.rand.org/pubs/occasional_papers/OP172 |title=Subversion and Insurgency: RAND Counterinsurgency Study – Paper 2 |last=Rosenau |first=William |year=2007 |location=Santa Monica, California |publisher=RAND Corporation |page=5 |isbn=978-0-8330-4123-4 |series=Occasional Papers}}</ref> However, actions taken by terrorists may have a subversive effect on society. Subversion can imply the use of insidious, dishonest, monetary, or violent methods to bring about such change. [[File:Wanted insurgents.jpg|thumb|right| Iraqi troops put up a poster of wanted insurgents.]] This is in contrast to [[protest]], a [[coup d'état]], or working through traditional means in a political system to bring about change. Furthermore, external subversion is where, "the aggressor state attempts to recruit and assist indigenous political and military actors to overthrow their government by coup d’état".<ref>{{cite journal |url=https://www.rand.org/pubs/notes/N2412.html |title=Countering Covert Aggression |last1=Hosmer |first1=Stephen T. |last2=Tanham |first2=George K. |year=1986 |location=Santa Monica, California |publisher=RAND Corporation |page=1 |series=notes |access-date=2015-03-11}}</ref> If subversion fails in its goal of bringing about a coup it is possible that the actors and actions of the subversive group could transition to [[insurrection]], [[insurgency]], and/or [[guerilla warfare]].<ref>Kitson, Frank, Low Intensity Operations: Subversion, Insurgency and Peacekeeping (London: Faber and Faber Limited, 1971), Pg. 6.</ref>
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