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|The [[Western text-type]]||3rd–9th centuries CE ||Also a very early tradition, which comes from a wide geographical area stretching from North Africa to Italy and from [[Gaul]] to Syria. It occurs in Greek manuscripts and in the Latin translations used by the [[Western church]]. It is much less controlled than the Alexandrian family and its witnesses are seen to be more prone to [[paraphrase]] and other corruptions. It is sometimes called the [[Caesarean text-type]]. Some [[New Testament]] scholars would argue that the Caesarean constitutes a distinct text-type of its own.||[[Vetus Latina]]
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| The [[Byzantine text-type]]; also, [[Koine Greek|Koinē]] text-type <br />(also called "Majority Text")||5th–16th centuries CE||This group comprises around 95% of all the manuscripts, the majority of which are comparatively very late in the tradition. It had become dominant at [[Constantinople]] from the 5th century on and was used throughout the [[Eastern Orthodox Church]] in the Byzantine Empire. It contains the most harmonistic readings, paraphrasing and significant additions, most of which are believed{{by whom|date=March 2021}} to be secondary readings. It underlies the ''[[Textus Receptus]]'' used for most [[Protestant Reformation|Reformation]]-era translations of the New Testament.|| Bible translations relying on the ''[[Textus Receptus]]'' which is close to the Byzantine text: [[King James Version|KJV]], [[New King James Version|NKJV]], [[Tyndale Bible|Tyndale]], [[Coverdale Bible|Coverdale]], [[Geneva Bible|Geneva]], [[Bishops' Bible]], [[Orthodox Study Bible|OSB]]
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=== Modern scholarship (after 1881) ===
The ''[[Novum Testamentum Graece]]'', first published in 1898 by [[Eberhard Nestle]], later continued by his son [[Erwin Nestle]] and since 1952 co-edited by [[Kurt Aland]], became the internationally leading critical text standard amongst scholars, and for translations produced by the [[United Bible Societies]] (UBS, formed in 1946).<ref name="Puskas"/> This series of critical editions, including extensive critical apparatuses, is therefore colloquially known as "Nestle-Aland", with particular editions abbreviated as "NA" with the number attached; for example, the 1993 update was the 27th edition, and is thus known as "NA27" (or "UBS4", namely, the 4th United Bible Societies edition based on the 27th Nestle-Aland edition).<ref name="Puskas"/> Puskas & Robbins (2012) noted that, despite significant advancements since 1881, the text of the NA27 differs much more from the ''Textus Receptus'' than from Westcott and Hort, stating that 'the contribution of these Cambridge scholars appears to be enduring.'<ref name="Puskas"/>
After discovering the manuscripts {{Papyrus|66}} (1952) and {{Papyrus|75}} (1950s), the ''Neutral text'' and ''Alexandrian text'' were unified.<ref>Gordon D. Fee, ''P<sup>75</sup>, P<sup>66</sup>, and Origen: THe Myth of Early Textual Recension in Alexandria'', in: E. J. Epp & G. D. Fee, ''Studies in the Theory & Method of NT Textual Criticism'', Wm. Eerdmans (1993), pp. 247-273.</ref>
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== Interpolations ==
In attempting to determine the original text of the New Testament books, some modern textual critics have identified sections as [[Interpolation (manuscripts)|interpolations]]. In modern translations of the Bible such as the [[New International Version]], the results of textual criticism have led to certain verses, words and phrases being left out or marked as not original. Previously, translations of the New Testament such as the [[King James Version]] had mostly been based on [[Erasmus]]'s redaction of the New Testament in Greek, the ''[[Textus Receptus]]'' from the 16th century based on later manuscripts.{{citation needed|date=September 2021}}
According to [[Bart D. Ehrman]], "These scribal additions are often found in late medieval manuscripts of the New Testament, but not in the manuscripts of the earlier centuries," he adds. And because the King James Bible is based on later manuscripts, such verses "became part of the Bible tradition in English-speaking lands."<ref name=autogenerated1>[[Bart D. Ehrman|Ehrman, Bart D.]]. ''[[Misquoting Jesus]]: The Story Behind Who Changed the Bible and Why''. HarperCollins, 2005, p. 265. {{ISBN|978-0-06-073817-4}}</ref>
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