Content deleted Content added
added Category:Slaves of Al-Andalus using HotCat |
No edit summary Tags: Mobile edit Mobile web edit |
||
Line 3:
Wāḍiḥ, a Slav,{{sfn|Guichard|2006|p=118}} was the governor of the Middle March with his capital at [[Medinaceli]] from at least the 990s.{{sfn|Kennedy|1996|p=117}}{{sfn|Makki|1994|p=44}} In 997, the leader of the [[Maghrāwa]] [[Berbers|Berber]] tribe in Africa, [[Zīrī ibn ʿAṭīya]], renounced his allegiance to Córdoba. In response, [[Almanzor|al-Manṣūr]], the ''de facto'' ruler of the Caliphate, dispatched Wāḍiḥ to Africa at the head of a large army in 998 to expand the Umayyad beachhead there, which at the time consisted only of [[Ceuta]].{{sfn|Kennedy|1996|p=121}} He later sent his son, [[Abd al-Malik al-Muzaffar|ʿAbd al-Malik]], to assist Wāḍiḥ. Together they defeated Zīrī, captured [[Fes|Fez]] and established an Umayyad administration over all of Morocco, which lasted until the death of al-Manṣūr in 1002.{{sfn|Makki|1994|p=44}}{{sfn|Kennedy|1996|p=121}}
After the forced abdication of Caliph [[Hishām II]] in February 1009, Wāḍiḥ supported the new caliph, [[Muhammad II of Córdoba|Muḥammad II al-Mahdī]]. When Muḥammad alienated the Berbers in the army, many withdrew from the city of [[Córdoba, Spain|Córdoba]] north towards [[Calatrava la Vieja|Calatrava]], proclaiming as their caliph [[Sulayman ibn al-Hakam|Sulaymān ibn al-Ḥakam]].{{sfn|Kennedy|1996|pp=126–127}} They approached Wāḍiḥ to lead them, but were rebuffed. Count [[Sancho García of Castile]], however, accepted their offer and the combined Castilian–Berber army marched on Córdoba. After interfering with but failing to stop their advance, Wāḍiḥ retreated to Córdoba. In November 1009, the city fell. Muḥammad and Wāḍiḥ escaped to [[Toledo, Spain|Toledo]], while the Berbers installed Sulaymān as caliph.{{sfn|Collins|2012|pp=198–200}}
Having failed to prevent the enthronement of Sulaymān, Wāḍiḥ sought to extricate himself from politics. He went to [[Tortosa]] and from there sent a letter to Sulaymān, begging to be relieved of his post so he could go to [[Lorca, Spain|Lorca]] and devote himself to God, probably in a ''[[ribāṭ]]''. He was refused, and began working for Muḥammad's restoration.{{sfn|Scales|1994|p=75}} He secured the allegiance of some of the ''[[Ṣaqāliba]]'' in the east.{{sfn|Collins|2012|pp=198–200}} He negotiated an alliance with the [[West Francia|Frankish]] counts [[Ramon Borrell, Count of Barcelona|Ramon Borrell of Barcelona]] and [[Ermengol I, Count of Urgell|Ermengol I of Urgell]]. Each count received 200 ''[[Gold dinar|dīnār]]''s and together they supplied 9,000 soldiers, to be paid two ''dīnār''s a day.{{sfn|Kennedy|1996|pp=126–127}} The Frankish army joined with Wāḍiḥ's at Toledo and together they marched towards Córdoba.{{sfn|Collins|2012|pp=198–200}} The Berber army of Sulaymān marched out to meet them. At [[Battle of ʿAqabat al-Baqar|ʿAqabat al-Baqar]], on 22 or 31 May 1010, Wāḍiḥ and the Franks won a major victory and advanced to the capital.{{sfn|Kennedy|1996|pp=126–127}}{{sfn|Collins|2012|pp=198–200}} Wāḍiḥ was appointed ''ḥājib''. On 21 June, however, the combined army was defeated at the [[Battle of Marbella (1010)|battle of Marbella]], after which the remaining Frankish contingent left for home.{{sfn|Collins|2012|pp=198–200}}
| |||