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{{Redirect |Motile |the independent British record label |Motile (record label)}}
[[File:Binucleated cell overlay.tiff|thumb|[[Cytokinesis
'''Motility''' is the ability of an [[organism]] to move independently, using metabolic energy.
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Motility, the ability of an [[organism]] to move independently, using metabolic energy,<ref name="rupress">{{cite web |title=Motility |url=http://jcb.rupress.org/content/jcb/91/3/148s.full.pdf |access-date=10 March 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Online Etymology Dictionary |url=http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=motility |quote="capacity of movement," 1827, from French motilité (1827), from Latin mot-, stem of movere "to move" (see move (v.)).}}</ref> can be contrasted with [[Sessility (motility)|sessility]], the state of organisms that do not possess a means of self-locomotion and are normally immobile.
Motility differs from '''mobility''', the ability of an object to be moved.
The term '''vagility''' encompasses both motility and mobility; sessile organisms including plants and fungi often have vagile parts such as fruits, seeds, or spores which may be dispersed by other agents such as wind, water, or other organisms.<ref name="nerd word">{{cite web |title=Botanical Nerd Word: Vagile |url=https://torontobotanicalgarden.ca/blog/word-of-the-week/botanical-nerd-word-vagile/ |website=torontobotanicalgarden.ca/ |access-date=29 September 2020}}</ref>
Motility is [[genetic determinism
In addition to [[animal locomotion]], most [[animal]]s are motile, though some are vagile, described as having [[Animal locomotion#Passive locomotion|passive locomotion]]. Many [[bacteria]] and other [[microorganism]]s, and [[multicellular organism]]s are motile; some mechanisms of [[fluid flow]] in multicellular organs and tissue are also considered instances of motility, as with [[Gastrointestinal physiology#Motility
Motility includes an organism's ability to move food through its [[gastrointestinal tract
==Cellular level ==
[[File:Subcellular-and-supracellular-mechanical-stress-prescribes-cytoskeleton-behavior-in-Arabidopsis-elife01967v001.ogv|thumb|[[Eukaryote
At the cellular level, different modes of movement exist:
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* [[flagellar motility]], a swimming-like motion (observed for example in [[spermatozoa]], propelled by the regular beat of their [[flagellum]], or the ''[[E. coli]]'' bacterium, which swims by rotating a helical prokaryotic flagellum)
* [[amoeboid movement]], a crawling-like movement, which also makes swimming possible<ref>{{cite journal |doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0027532 |pmid=22096590 |pmc=3212573 |title=Amoeboid Cells Use Protrusions for Walking, Gliding and Swimming |journal=PLOS ONE |volume=6 |issue=11 |pages=e27532 |year=2011 |last1=Van Haastert |first1=Peter J. M. |bibcode=2011PLoSO...627532V }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |doi=10.1073/pnas.1011900107 |pmid=20921382 |pmc=2973909 |title=On the swimming of Dictyostelium amoebae |journal=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences |volume=107 |issue=44 |pages=E165–6 |year=2010 |last1=Bae |first1=A. J. |last2=Bodenschatz |first2=E. |bibcode=2010PNAS..107E.165B |arxiv=1008.3709 }}</ref>
* [[gliding motility]]
* [[swarming motility]]
* [[twitching motility]], a form of motility used by bacteria to crawl over surfaces using grappling hook-like filaments called [[Pilus#Type IV pili
* [[filopodia]], enabling movement of the [[axon]]al [[growth cone]]<ref name="Gilbert">{{cite book |last1=Gilbert |first1=Scott |title=Developmental biology |date=2006 |publisher=Sinauer Associates, Inc. Publishers |location=Sunderland, Mass. |isbn=9780878932504 |page=395 |edition= 8th.}}</ref>
Many cells are not motile, for example ''[[Klebsiella pneumoniae]]'' and ''[[Shigella]]'', or under specific circumstances such as ''[[Yersinia pestis]]'' at 37 °C.{{Citation needed |date=July 2012}}
==Movements==
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Events perceived as movements can be directed:
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<gallery>
File:Muscular system.svg |Muscles give the ability for voluntary movement, and involuntary movement as in [[muscle spasm]]s and [[reflex]]es). At the level of the [[muscular system]], motility is a synonym for [[Animal locomotion
Sperm-20051108.jpg |Most [[sperm]] have a single [[flagellum]] to help them swim. The [[cervix
Cheetah chase.jpg |The record speeds Cheetahs hold are owed in large to their muscle motility.
Phototropism.jpg |The shoots of plants move by growing towards light. This is known as [[phototropism
FAGOCITOSI BY RAFF.gif |[[Monocyte]]s and [[macrophage]]s of the [[immune system]] engulf [[Bacteria]] by extending their [[pseudopodia]]. Note that this cartoon is not an accurate representation of [[phagocytosis]].
Protein_translation.gif |Motility at the sub-cellular level. This depicts [[translation (biology)
</gallery>
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==References==
{{Reflist}}
{{Authority control}}
[[Category:Physiology]]
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