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{{Short description|Village on Cossack military bases}}
{{Single source}}
{{Cossacks}}
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==Structure==
The stanitsa was a unit of economic and political organisation of the Cossack peoples who lived in the [[Russian Empire]]. Each stanitsa contained
several villages and [[khutir]]s.<ref name=eou>{{Cite encyclopedia |title=Stanytsia |encyclopedia=[[Internet Encyclopedia of Ukraine]] |url=https://www.encyclopediaofukraine.com/display.asp?linkpath=pages\S\T\StanytsiaIT}}</ref> The stanitsa was the primary unit of a [[Cossack host]].{{cn}}
Each stanitsa held much of the local land [[held in common|in common]], subject to annual allocation to Cossack families by the [[Ataman]], the appointed leader of the community. This was a fully [[democracy|democratic]], unique process, characteristic of Russia's South only. (A similar democratic system operated only in the [[Novgorod Republic]], prior to its annexation by the [[Grand Duchy of Moscow]] in 1478.){{cn}}
==History==
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===Destruction===
{{See also|De-Cossackization}}
The stanitsa as a social unit was effectively destroyed in the aftermath of the 1917 [[October Revolution]] in Russia. The [[Russian Civil War]] (1917–1922) and subsequent [[Collectivisation in the USSR|collectivisation]] (1928–1940) of the land by the state under [[Joseph Stalin]] and the [[Holodomor]] (1932–1933) destroyed the culture and the economic foundations of stanitsas.{{cn}}
In the [[Soviet Union]], the term ''stanitsa'' was used after 1929 to refer to rural settlements on former Cossack land that were governed by [[soviet (council)|soviet council]]s.<ref name=eou/>
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[[File:Map of Russia - Stanitsa.svg|thumb|Regions of modern Russia where stanitsas are a type of settlement]]
In modern [[Russia]], the administration classifies a stanitsa as a type of [[Classification of inhabited localities in Russia#Rural localities|rural locality]] in some [[federal subjects of Russia]], mostly in the south. Stanitsa is a type of locality in these federal subjects:{{cn}}
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* [[Adygea]]
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