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{{Short description|Aramaic phrase}}
{{other uses|Maranatha (disambiguation)}}{{Italic title}}[[File:Soliloquies OE - maranatha (British Library Cotton MS Vitellius A XV, folio 5r).jpg|thumb|A mention of "maranatha" in the ''Southwick Codex'', a medieval text]]{{Bible related}}
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'''''Maranatha''''' ([[Aramaic]]: ''{{script/Hebrew|מרנאתא}}'') is an [[Jewish Palestinian Aramaic|Aramaic]] [[phrase]] which [[Hapax legomenon|occurs once]] in the [[New Testament]] ({{bibleverse|1 Corinthians|16:22}}). It also appears in [[Didache]] 10:14.<ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.earlychristianwritings.com/text/didache-lightfoot.html |title= Didache. The Teaching of the Twelve Apostles (translation J. B. Lightfoot).|website= www.earlychristianwritings.com |access-date=3 August 2017}}</ref> It is [[transliterated]] into [[Greek alphabet|Greek letters]] rather than [[translated]] and, given the nature of early [[Biblical manuscript|manuscripts]], the lexical difficulty rests in determining just which two Aramaic words constitute the single Greek expression.
==Translations and use==
The [[New Revised Standard Version|NRSV]] of 1 Corinthians 16:22 translates the expression as: "Our Lord, come!" but notes that it could also be translated as: "Our Lord has come”; the [[New International Version|NIV]] translates: "Come, O Lord"; the ''[[The Message (Bible)|Message]]'' version paraphrases it as: "Make room for the Master!"<ref>{{Cite web|title=Bible Gateway passage: 1 Corinthians 16:22 - The Message|url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=1%20Corinthians%2016%3A22&version=MSG|access-date=2021-11-26|website=Bible Gateway|language=en}}</ref> This expression is also alluded to in Revelation 22:20: "He which testifieth these things saith, Surely I come quickly. Amen. Even so, come, Lord Jesus."
In the ''[[Catechism of the Catholic Church]]'', "Maranatha" was translated as "Come, Lord!".<ref>{{CCC|pp=451}}</ref>
:"As understood here ("O Lord, come!"), it is a [[Prayer in the New Testament|prayer]] for the early [[Second Coming|return of Christ]]. If the Aramaic words are divided differently (Maran atha, "Our Lord has come"), it becomes a [[Creed|credal]] declaration. The former interpretation is supported by what appears to be a Greek equivalent of this acclamation in [[Book of Revelation]] 22:20 "Amen. Come, Lord Jesus!""▼
In the [[Latin Church]], the word "Maranatha" has been used as a solemn formula of [[excommunication]] (alongside "[[anathema]]").<ref>{{Cite web|title=CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Anathema|url=http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/01455e.htm|access-date=2017-10-17|website=www.newadvent.org}}</ref>
== Analysis ==
The [[New American Bible|NAB]] notes:
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==Use in contemplative prayer==
Based on the teachings of [[John Cassian]], [[John Main]] recommended the recitation of ''Maranatha'' as "the ideal Christian [[mantra]]", meaning "Come Lord", repeated silently interiorly as four equally stressed syllables ''Ma-ra-na-tha'': "Not only is this one of the most ancient Christian prayers, in the language Jesus spoke, but it also has a harmonic quality that helps to [[hesychasm|bring the mind to silence]]. Other words or short phrases could be used but he saw it as important that during the meditation one doesn't think about the meaning or use the imagination."<ref>{{Cite web|title=John Main: Biography|url=https://www.theschoolofmeditation.org/content/john-main-biography|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120508202413/http://www.theschoolofmeditation.org/content/john-main-biography|archive-date=May 8, 2012|access-date=December 5, 2021|website=theschoolofmeditation.org}}</ref> Other Christian authors and communities cultivate similar practices centred on this recitation, such as [[Pablo d'Ors]], who also recommends it as one of the linkages (along with the breathing and the hands) for the practice of contemplative prayer.<ref>E.g. [http://www.swamij.com/maranatha.htm Swami Jnaneshvara Bharati].</ref>
==See also==
*{{section link|Language of Jesus|Maranatha (Μαραναθά)}}
==References==
{{Reflist}}
==
* Black, Matthew. "The Maranatha Invocation and Jude 14,15 (1 Enoch 1:9)." In ''Christ and Spirit in the New Testament: Studies in Honour of Charles Franscis Digby Moule'', edited by [[Barnabas Lindars]] and Stepehn S. Smalley. 189-196. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1973.
* Hengel, Martin. "Abba, Maranatha, Hosanna und die Anfänge der Christologie." In ''Denkwürdiges Geheimnis: Beiträge zur Gotteslehre: Festschrift für Eberhard Jüngel zum 70 Geburtstag'', edited by Hrsg. v. Ingolf U. Dalferth, Johannes Fischer, and Hans-Peter Großhans. 145-183. Tübingen: Mohr Siebeck, 2004.
* Johnson, Christopher D.L. [https://www.era.lib.ed.ac.uk/bitstream/handle/1842/5553/Johnson2009.pdf?sequence=2 ''Authority and Tradition in Contemporary Understandings of Hesychasm and the Jesus Prayer''], Edinburgh PhD thesis, 2009. In print under {{ISBN|9781441125477}}.
* Moreau, Jean-Claude. "Maranatha." ''Revue Biblique'' 118.1 (2011): 51-75.
* Moule, C.F.D. "Reconsideration of the Context of Maranatha." ''New Testament Studies'' 6.4 (1960): 307-310.
==Further reading==
*[http://www.ccel.org/ccel/jamieson/jfb.xi.vii.xvii.html?highlight=maranatha#highlight Robert Jamieson, A. R. Fausset and David Brown: ''Commentary Critical and Explanatory on the Whole Bible'' (1871)],
[[Category:Language and mysticism]]
[[Category:New Testament Aramaic words and phrases]]
▲[[Category:Christian terms]]
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