Help:IPA/Norwegian: Difference between revisions

The accent that has been used here as a model is [[Urban East Norwegian]], the pronunciation of [[Bokmål]]the dialect spoken in the Oslo region and most commonly taught to foreigners.

| {{lang|no|sta'''b'''il}}

| sta'''b'''ee

| {{lang|no|'''d'''agå'''d'''}}, {{lang|no|ver'''d'''en}}

| '''d'''ayee'''d'''

| {{lang|no|'''g'''odenial}}

| '''g'''oodet

| '''c'''offeeold

| {{lang|no|fa'''lrl'''akeig}}, {{lang|no|Kaå'''rl'''ig}}, {{lang|no|pe'''rl'''e}}, {{lang|no|Stur'''l'''a}}, {{lang|no|'''l'''and}}, {{lang|no|sme'''l'''te}}, {{lang|no|Horda'''l'''and}}, {{lang|no|små'''l'''ig}}<ref name="laterals">In contemporary Urban East Norwegian, there are two lateral approximant phonemes: apical {{IPA|/l/}} and laminal {{IPA|/l̻/}}. There is no longer a difference between the historical {{IPA|/rl/}} and the simple {{IPA|/l/}} when not preceded by {{IPA|/oːɑː/}} or {{IPA|/ɑːoː/}}. The most common lateral is the non-velarized apical alveolar {{IPAblink|l}}. Only the laminal {{IPAblink|l̻}} occurs after {{IPA|/t, d, n/}} (in this guide transcribed the same as {{IPAblink|l}}) and after {{IPA|/ɔɑ/}} and {{IPA|/ɑɔ/}}. After {{IPA|/oːɑː/}} and {{IPA|/ɑːoː/}}, the two phonemes contrast. The laminal phoneme is velarized {{IPAblink|ɫ̻}} (transcribed in this guide without the diacritic) after back vowels but ''not'' after the central {{IPA|/ə/}} {{harvcol|Kristoffersen|2000|p=25}}.</ref><ref name="clearafterbackvowels">When a lateral approximant occurs between two stressable vowels (i.e. any vowels other than {{IPA|/ə/}}) in a compound or derived word, the coloring of the lateral depends on whether it occurs in a morpheme-final position or not. If there is a morpheme boundary between the vowel and {{IPA|/l/}} (as in ''Hordaland'' {{audio-IPA|Hordaland.ogg|[ˈhɔ̂rdɑlɑn]|help=no}} or ''smålig''), the lateral is clear {{IPAblink|l}} regardless of the preceding vowel.</ref>

| {{lang|no|sa'''l'''ig}}, {{lang|no|tå'''l'''ig}}, {{lang|no|fa'''l'''sk}}, {{lang|no|sto'''l'''t}}<ref name="laterals"/><ref name="clearafterbackvowels"/>

| {{lang|no|nattkatt'''en'''}}

| {{lang|no|vert'''en'''}}, {{lang|no|slitasj'''en'''}}, {{lang|no|Kristoffers'''en'''}}

| {{lang|no|tisi'''g'''ni'''ng'''}}, {{lang|no|anno'''n'''se}}

| thisi'''ng'''

| {{lang|no|'''p'''aar}}, {{lang|no|s'''ppp'''a}}, {{lang|no|I'''b'''sen}}, {{lang|no|Jako'''b'''}}

| '''p'''a'''p'''aair

| {{lang|no|tæ'''l'''}}, {{lang|no|Dæh'''l'''ie}}, {{Audio|No-Vålerenga.ogg|{{lang|no|Vå'''lerl'''enga’enga}}|help=no}}<ref>{{IPA|/ɽ/}} often alternates with {{IPA|/l/}} (sometimes with {{IPA|/r/}}), but there is a small number of words in which only {{IPA|/ɽ/}} occurs {{harvcol|Kristoffersen|2000|pp=24, 90}}.</ref>

| {{lang|no|'''s'''abel}}, {{lang|no|'''c'''øliaki}}, {{lang|no|en'''z'''ym}}, {{lang|no|'''x'''ylofon}}

| {{lang|no|'''sj'''ø}}, {{lang|no|'''skj'''erf}}, {{lang|no|'''sk'''øyte}}, {{lang|no|'''s'''lott}}, {{lang|no|ny'''sgj'''errig}}, {{lang|no|'''Ski'''aker}}, {{lang|no|'''g'''eni}}, {{lang|no|'''j'''ournal}}, {{lang|no|'''Sch'''ønberg}}, {{lang|no|atta'''ch'''é}}, {{lang|no|Na'''ti'''onaltheatret}}, {{lang|no|to'''rs'''dag}}<ref name="retroflex"/>

| {{lang|no|'''t'''irsdagorsdag}}, {{lang|no|S'''t'''einfel'''d'''}}, {{lang|no|Va'''d'''sø}}

| {{lang|no|'''v'''aktel}}, {{lang|no|'''W'''ergeland}}, {{lang|no|Nyq'''u'''ist}}

| {{lang|no|ru'''tsj'''ebane}}, {{lang|no|'''tsj'''ekkisk}}, {{lang|no|'''Tsch'''udi}}, {{lang|no|Te'''tzsch'''ner}}, {{lang|no|A'''rch'''er}}

| style="text-align:center;" | {{lang|no|skoledisippelskoleelev}}<br/>{{IPA|[ˈskûːɽədɪˌsɪpːl̩ˈskûːləɛˌleːv]}}

| {{lang|no|f'''a'''st}}, {{lang|no|p'''e'''nsjonist}}, {{lang|no|Is'''aa'''chsen}}

| {{lang|no|m'''a'''t}}, {{lang|no|R'''aa'''be}}

| {{lang|no|fv'''e'''rskrden}}, {{lang|no|h'''e'''rse}}, {{lang|no|f'''æ'''rre}}, {{lang|no|'''æ'''sj}}, {{lang|no|kr'''a'''sje}}, {{lang|no|M'''ä'''rtha}}

| {{lang|no|tr'''æ'''rer}} ("trees"), {{lang|no|t'''æ'''l}}, {{lang|no|'''æ'''rlig}}, {{lang|no|h'''e'''r}}, {{lang|no|p'''e'''rle}}, {{lang|no|Dgj'''æhe'''lierde}}

| {{lang|no|'''e'''gne}} ("bait" vb.), {{lang|no|r'''e'''gler}} ("rhymes" n.), {{lang|no|h'''e'''sje}}, {{lang|no|h'''e'''lle}}, {{lang|no|'''æ'''tt}}

| {{lang|no|s'''i'''ld}}, {{lang|no|Dagn'''y'''}}

| {{lang|no|'''i'''}}, {{lang|no|d'''e'''}}

| {{lang|no|sl'''o'''tt}}, {{lang|no|sl'''å'''ttett}}, {{lang|no|Sl'''aa'''tsveen}}, {{lang|no|F'''ou'''gner}}<ref name="roundedness">{{IPA|[{{IPA link|ɒ|ɔ}}, {{IPA link|oː}}, {{IPA link|œ̫|œ}}, {{IPA link|ø̫|øː}}, {{IPA link|ʏ̫|ʏ}}, {{IPA link|y̫|yː}}, {{IPA|ɔʏ}}, {{IPA|œʏ]}}}} are [[protruded vowel]]s, while {{IPA|[{{IPA link|ʏ͍|ʉ}}, {{IPA link|y͍|ʉː}}, {{IPA link|ʊ͍|ʊ}}, {{IPA link|u͍|uː}}]}} (including the {{IPA|[ʉ]}} element in {{IPA|[æʉ]}} and {{IPA|[ʉɪ]}}) are [[compressed vowel|compressed]].</ref>

| {{lang|no|mv'''å'''lg}}, {{lang|no|skr'''o'''g}}, {{lang|no|'''Aa'''ss}}, {{lang|no|M'''au'''d}}<ref name="roundedness"/>

| {{lang|no|nS'''ø'''ttgne}}, {{lang|no|'''ø'''gle}}, {{lang|no|past'''eu'''risere}}<ref name="roundedness"/>

| {{lang|no|dst'''ø'''}}, {{lang|no|Schr'''eu'''der}}<ref name="roundedness"/>

| {{lang|no|l'''o'''ndff}}, {{lang|no|sk'''u'''ffe}} ("shovel"), {{lang|no|j'''ou'''rnal}}<ref name="roundedness"/>

| p'''u'''t, ''German'' N'''u'''ss

| {{lang|no|bsk'''o'''tg}}, {{lang|no|f'''ô'''r}}, {{lang|no|glam'''ou'''r}}<ref name="roundedness"/>

| f'''oo'''l, ''German'' F'''u'''ß

| {{lang|no|fsk'''u'''llffe}} ("disappoint"), {{lang|no|deb'''u'''tant}}, {{lang|no|'''ou'''trert}}<ref name="roundedness"/><ref name="closerounded">The distinction between compressed {{IPAblink|ʏ͍|ʉ}} and protruded {{IPAblink|ʏ̫|y}} is particularly difficult to hear for non-native speakers:

| {{lang|no|fk'''u'''l}}, {{lang|no|aj'''ou'''rføre}}<ref name="roundedness"/><ref name="closerounded"/>

| ''Australian'' ch'''oo'''se'' (''some dialects''<ref name="goose"/>); German '''''ü'''ben

| {{lang|no|n'''y'''tt}}, {{lang|no|gr'''ü'''nder}}<ref name="roundedness"/><ref name="closerounded"/>

| {{lang|no|s'''y'''l}}, {{lang|no|Gr'''ü'''nerløkka}}, {{lang|no|deb'''u'''t}}<ref name="roundedness"/><ref name="closerounded"/>

| {{lang|no|kh'''ai'''}}, {{lang|no|F'''ay'''e}}, {{lang|no|M'''aj'''}}

| ''{{lang|no|h'''au'''k}}'', {{lang|no|'''Eu'''ropa}}, {{lang|no|Kl'''ou'''man}}<ref name="roundedness"/>

| {{lang|no|b'''oi'''kott}}, {{lang|no|R'''oy'''}}<ref name="roundedness"/>

| {{lang|no|rd'''øg'''n}}, {{lang|no|'''øy'''kne}}, {{lang|no|'''Øi'''vind}}, {{lang|no|Pr'''eu'''s}}, {{lang|no|F'''oy'''n}}<ref name="roundedness"/>