International Olympic Committee: Difference between revisions

{{Short description|Governing body of Olympic sports}}

{{Use British English|date=November 2020}}

| image = Siège CIO 2020 (1).jpg

| caption = IOC headquarters in [[Lausanne]], [[Switzerland]]

| size = 250
| type = [[Sports governing body|Sports federation]] ([[Swiss association|Associationassociation organised under the laws of the Swiss Confederation]])

| formation = {{Start date and age|1894|6|23|df=yes}}

| leader_title2leader_title = [[President of the International Olympic Committee| = Honorary President]]

*To encourage and support the efforts of sports organisationsorganizations and public authorities to provide for the social and professional future of athletes;

[[File:International Olympic Committee Headquarters (2).jpg|thumb|Current IOC headquarters in [[Lausanne]], [[Switzerland]].]]

The IOC organises the modern [[Olympic Games]] and [[Youth Olympic Games]] (YOG), held in summer and winter every four years. The first [[Summer Olympics]] was held in [[Athens]], [[Greece]], in [[1896 Summer Olympics|1896]]; the first [[Winter Olympics]] was in [[Chamonix]], [[France]], in [[1924 Winter Olympics|1924]]. The first Summer YOG was in [[Singapore]] in [[2010 Summer Youth Olympics|2010]], and the first Winter YOG was in [[Innsbruck]] in [[2012 Winter Youth Olympics|2012]].

Until 1992, both the Summer and Winter Olympics were held in the same year. After that year, however, the IOC shifted the Winter Olympics to the even years between Summer Games to help space the planning of the two events from one another, and to improve the financial balance of the IOC, which receives a proportionally greater income in Olympic years.

Detailed frameworks for [[environmental sustainability]] were prepared for the [[2018 Winter Olympics]], and [[2020 Summer Olympics]] in [[Pyeongchang County|PyeongChang, South Korea]], and [[Tokyo]], [[Japan]], respectively.<ref>{{cite web |title=Creating a New Horizon for Sustainable 2018 PyeongChang Olympic and Paralympic Winter Games: Furthering Benefits to Human and Nature |url=http://www.pyeongchang2018.com/_common/upload/ENG_PyeongChang_Sustainability_Framework_Report_2.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161027055001/http://www.pyeongchang2018.com/_common/upload/ENG_PyeongChang_Sustainability_Framework_Report_2.pdf |archive-date=27 October 2016 |access-date=26 October 2016 |publisher=The PyeongChang Organizing Committee for the 2018 Olympic and Paralympic Winter Games}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Tokyo 2020 Olympic and Paralympic Games High-level Sustainability Plan |url=https://tokyo2020.jp/en/games/sustainability/data/sus-plan-EN.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161027123356/https://tokyo2020.jp/en/games/sustainability/data/sus-plan-EN.pdf |archive-date=27 October 2016 |access-date=23 October 2016 |publisher=The Tokyo Organizing Committee of the Olympic and Paralympic Games}}</ref>

* Olympic Foundation (Lausanne, Switzerland)

*IOC Television[[Olympic andRefuge Marketing Services S.A.Foundation]] (Lausanne, Switzerland)

*The OlympicIOC PartnerTelevision Programmeand Marketing Services S.A. (Lausanne, Switzerland)

*Olympic BroadcastingThe Olympic ServicesPartner S.A.Programme (Lausanne, Switzerland)

*[[Olympic Broadcasting Services|Olympic Broadcasting Services S.LA.]] ([[Madrid]]Lausanne, [[Spain]]Switzerland)

* [[Olympic Broadcasting Services|Olympic ChannelBroadcasting Services S.AL.]] (Lausanne[[Madrid]], SwitzerlandSpain)

* Olympic Channel Services S.LA. (MadridLausanne, SpainSwitzerland)

* Olympic Foundation for CultureChannel andServices HeritageS.L. (LausanneMadrid, SwitzerlandSpain)

* Olympic MuseumStudies Centre

ForThe mostnumber of itsall existence theserving IOC was controlled by members whomay werenot selectedexceed by other members. Countries that had hosted the Games were allowed two members115. When named they became IOC members in their respective countries rather than representatives of their respective countries to the IOC.

*Transfer of domicile or of main centrecenter of interests to a country other than their country at the time of their election.

===Sports federations recognisedrecognized by IOC===

IOC recognisesrecognizes 82 [[List of international sports federations|international sports federations]] (IFs):<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.olympic.org/content/the-ioc/governance/international-federations/?tab=mission|title=International federations|publisher=olympic.org|access-date=4 June 2012|archive-date=22 August 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120822003016/http://www.olympic.org/content/the-ioc/governance/international-federations/?tab=mission|url-status=live}}</ref>

*The 7 members of the [[Association of International Olympic Winter Sports Federations]] (AIOWF).<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.olympic.org/content/the-ioc/governance/international-federations/?tab=aiowf |title=AIOWF -– Members |publisher=olympic.org |access-date=4 June 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120629102620/http://www.olympic.org/content/the-ioc/governance/international-federations/?tab=aiowf |archive-date=29 June 2012}}</ref>

*[[Pierre de Coubertin medalMedal]]: athletes who demonstrate a special spirit of sportsmanship<ref>{{Cite magazine|url=http://time.com/4461464/olympic-runners-pierre-de-coubertin-medal/|title=These Olympic Runners Just Won a Major Honor|magazine=Time|language=en|access-date=2019-02-12|archive-date=7 February 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190207132410/http://time.com/4461464/olympic-runners-pierre-de-coubertin-medal/|url-status=live}}</ref>

*[[Olympic Cup]]: institutions or associations with a record of merit and integrity in developing the Olympic Movement<ref>{{Cite web |urldate=https://www.google.com/search?q=the+olympic+cup2023-06-20 |title=theOlympic olympicOrder cupawarded –to GoogleWHO Search|website=google.com|accessDirector-date=2019-02-12|archive-date=8General AprilTedros Ghebreyesus 2022|archive-url=https://webolympics.archive.orgcom/webioc/20220408235419news/https://www.google.com/search?q=the+olympic+cup-order-awarded-to-who-director-general-tedros-ghebreyesus |urlaccess-statusdate=live2024-08-05 |website=International Olympic Committee}}</ref>

The IOC distributes some of its revenue to organisations throughout the Olympic Movement to support the staging of the Olympic Games and to promote worldwide sport development. The IOC retains approximately 10% of the Olympic marketing revenue for operational and administrative costs.<ref name="IOC Funding">[https://olympics.com/ioc/funding Funding] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210808004250/https://olympics.com/ioc/funding |date=8 August 2021 }} – IOC. Retrieved on 7 August 2021</ref> For the 2013–2016 period, the IOC had revenues of about US$5.0 billion, of which 73% were from broadcasting rights and 18% were from Olympic Partners. The Rio 2016 organising committee received US$1.5 billion and the Sochi 2014 organising committee received US$833 million. National Olympic committees and international federations received US$739 million each.<ref name="IOC Funding" />

In July 2000, when the ''[[Los Angeles Times]]'' reported on how the IOC redistributes profits from sponsorships and [[broadcasting rights]], historian [[Bob Barney]] stated that he had "yet to see matters of corruption in the IOC", but noted there were "matters of unaccountability".<ref>{{cite news|title=IOC: A tangled web of wealth, mystery|last1=Abrahamson|first1=Alan|last2=Wharton|first2=David|date=July 30, 2000|newspaper=[[St. Louis Post-Dispatch]]|location=St. Louis, Missouri|page=24|url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/st-louis-post-dispatch-ioc-2000/129932172/|access-date=3 September 2023|archive-date=27 July 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240727014641/https://www.newspapers.com/article/st-louis-post-dispatch-ioc-2000/129932172/|url-status=live}}</ref> He later noted that when the spotlight is on the athletes, it has "the power to eclipse impressions of scandal or corruption", with respect to the Olympic bid process.<ref>{{cite news|title=Sun sets on Salt Lake City|date=February 25, 2002|newspaper=[[Herald News (New Jersey)|Herald News]]|location=Passaic County, New Jersey|page=A1|url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-herald-news-olympics-2002/129939234/|access-date=3 September 2023|archive-date=27 July 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240727014658/https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-herald-news-olympics-2002/129939234/|url-status=live}}; {{cite news|title=Games (Continued From A1)|date=February 25, 2002|newspaper=[[Herald News (New Jersey)|Herald News]]|location=Passaic County, New Jersey|page=A6|url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-herald-news-olympics-2002/129939110/|access-date=3 September 2023|archive-date=15 August 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230815145332/https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-herald-news-olympics-2002/129939110/|url-status=live}}</ref>

*Domestic programme revenue: the OCOGs generate substantial revenue from the domestic marketing programmes that they manage within the host country, including domestic sponsorship, ticketing, and licensing.

===Other organisationsorganizations===

The IOC contributes Olympic marketing revenue to the programmes of various recognisedrecognized international sports organisationsorganizations, including the [[International Paralympic Committee]] (IPC), and the [[World Anti-Doping Agency]] (WADA).

Research at the Beijing Olympic Games identified particulate matter – measured in terms of [[Particulates|PM10]] (the amount of aerodynamic diameter of particle ≤ 10 μm in a given amount of air) – as a top priority.<ref>Chena DS, Chenga SY, Liub L, Chenc T, Guoa XR. (2007). An integrated MM5–CMAQ modeling approach for assessing transboundary PM10 contribution to the host city of the 2008 Olympic summerSummer games—BeijingGames—Beijing, China. Atmospheric environment. Vol. 41; 1237–1250.</ref><ref>Wang X et al. (2009). Evaluating the air quality impacts of the 2008 Beijing Olympic Games: On-road emission factors and black carbon profiles. Atmospheric environment. Vol. 43; 4535–4543.</ref> Particulate matter, along with other airborne pollutants, cause both serious health problems, such as [[asthma]], and damage urban ecosystems. Black carbon is released into the air from incomplete combustion of carbonaceous fluids, contributing to climate change and injuring human health. Secondary pollutants such as [[Carbon monoxide|CO]], [[NOx]], [[Sulfur dioxide|SO2]], [[benzene]], [[toluene]], [[ethylbenzene]], and [[xylenes]] ([[BTEX]]) are also released during construction.<ref>Wang T et al. (2010). Air quality during the 2008 Beijing Olympics: secondary pollutants and regional impact. Atmos. Chem. Phys. Vol. 10; 7603–7615.</ref>

For the Beijing Olympics, vehicles not meeting the Euro 1 emission standards were banned, and the odd-even rule was implemented in the Beijing administrative area. Air quality improvement measures implemented by the Beijing government included replacing coal with natural gas, suspending construction and/or, imposing strict dust control on construction sites, closing or relocating the polluting industrial plants, building long subway lines, using cleaner fluid in power plants, and reducing the activity by some of the polluting factories. There, levels of primary and secondary pollutants were reduced, and good air quality was recorded during the Beijing Olympics on most days.{{Citation needed|date=November 2023}} Beijing also sprayed [[silver iodide]] in the atmosphere to induce rain to remove existing pollutants from the air.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Coonan |first=Clifford |date=11 August 2008 |title=How Beijing used rockets to keep opening ceremony dry |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/sport/olympics/how-beijing-used-rockets-to-keep-opening-ceremony-dry-890294.html |access-date=2023-11-30 |website=The Independent |language=en |archive-date=8 December 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231208202930/https://www.independent.co.uk/sport/olympics/how-beijing-used-rockets-to-keep-opening-ceremony-dry-890294.html |url-status=live }}</ref>

In the 2006 Games in Torino, Italy, soil impacts were observed. Before the Games, researchers studied four areas that the Games would likely affect: a floodplain, a highway, the motorway connecting the city to Lyon, France, and a landfill. They analysedanalyzed the chemicals in these areas before and after the Games. Their findings revealed an increase in the number of metals in the topsoil post-Games, and indicated that soil was capable of buffering the effects of many but not all heavy metals. Mercury, lead, and arsenic may have been transferred into the food chain.<ref>{{cite journal|title=Soil Heavy Metals Patterns in the Torino Olympic Winter Games Venue (E.U.)|journal=Soil and Sediment Contamination|year=2008|pages=205–220|volume=17|issue=3|doi=10.1080/15320380802006905|url=https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01577545/file/article.pdf|last1=Scalenghe|first1=Riccardo|last2=Fasciani|first2=Gabriella|bibcode=2008SSCIJ..17..205S |s2cid=94537225|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180726014434/https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01577545/file/article.pdf|archive-date=26 July 2018|url-status=live}}</ref>

One promise made to Londoners for the 2012 Olympic Games was that the Olympic Park would be a "blueprint for sustainable living." However, garden allotments were temporarily relocated due to the building of the Olympic stadium. The allotments were eventually returned,. howeverHowever, the [[soil quality]] was damaged. Further, allotment residents were exposed to radioactive waste for five months prior to moving, during the excavation of the site for the Games. Other local residents, construction workers, and onsite archaeologists faced similar exposures and risks.<ref>Sadd D. (2012). Not all Olympic 'events' are good for the health, just ask the previous occupants of the Manor Road. Allotments Perspectives in Public Health. Vol. 132; 2, 62–63.[SIC]</ref>

Near the end of the 1960s, the [[Canadian Amateur Hockey Association]] (CAHA) felt their amateur players could no longer be competitive against the Soviet full-time athletes and other constantly improving European teams. They pushed for the ability to use players from professional leagues, but met opposition from the [[International Ice Hockey Federation|IIHF]] and IOC. At the IIHF Congress in 1969, the IIHF decided to allow Canada to use nine non-NHL professional hockey players<ref name="Num17">{{harvnb|Podnieks|Szemberg|2008}}, [http://www.iihf.com/iihf-home/the-iihf/100-year-anniversary/100-top-stories/story-17.html Story #17–Protesting amateur rules, Canada leaves international hockey] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171010205021/http://www.iihf.com/iihf-home/the-iihf/100-year-anniversary/100-top-stories/story-17.html |date=10 October 2017 }}.</ref> at the 1970 World Championships in [[Montreal]] and [[Winnipeg]], [[Manitoba]], Canada.<ref>{{harvnb|Podnieks|Szemberg|2008}}, [http://www.iihf.com/iihf-home/the-iihf/100-year-anniversary/100-top-stories/story-40.html Story #40–Finally, Canada to host the World Championship] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171010210250/http://www.iihf.com/iihf-home/the-iihf/100-year-anniversary/100-top-stories/story-40.html |date=10 October 2017 }}.</ref> The decision was reversed in January 1970 after Brundage declared that the change would put ice hockey's status as an Olympic sport in jeopardy.<ref name="Num17" /> In response, Canada withdrew from international ice hockey competition and officials stated that they would not return until "open competition" was instituted.<ref name="Num17" /><ref>{{cite news|title=Summit Series '72 Summary |publisher=[[Hockey Hall of Fame]] |url=http://www.hhof.com/html/GamesSummarySUM1972.shtml |access-date=2 March 2009 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080807130920/http://www.hhof.com/html/GamesSummarySUM1972.shtml |archive-date=7 August 2008 }}</ref>

Many government officials, notably those in the [[United States]] and the [[Great Britain]], called for a boycott of the 2022 winterWinter gamesGames. The IOC responded to concerns by saying that the Olympic Games must not be politicised.<ref>{{cite news |date=12 March 2021 |title=IOC is no 'super world government' to solve China issues, says Bach |website=[[Reuters]] |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-olympics-ioc-china/ioc-is-no-super-world-government-to-solve-china-issues-says-bach-idUSKBN2B42LQ |url-status=live |access-date=10 October 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211010200417/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-olympics-ioc-china/ioc-is-no-super-world-government-to-solve-china-issues-says-bach-idUSKBN2B42LQ |archive-date=10 October 2021}}</ref> Some Nations, including the United States,nations diplomatically boycotted games, which prohibited a diplomatic delegation from representing a nation at the games, rather than a full boycott that would have barred athletes from competing. In September 2021, the IOC suspended the [[Olympic Committee of the Democratic People's Republic of Korea]], after they boycotted the 2020 Summer Olympics claiming "COVID-19 Concerns".

In more recent history, sex verification has taken many forms<ref name=":1">{{Cite journal|last1=Krieger|first1=Jörg|last2=Parks Pieper|first2=Lindsay|last3=Ritchie|first3=Ian|date=2019|title=Sex, drugs and science: the IOC's and IAAF's attempts to control fairness in sport|url=https://pure.au.dk/portal/da/publications/sex-drugs-and-science-the-iocs-and-iaafs-attempts-to-control-fairness-in-sport(e0853d7a-89ec-4287-ba36-48c2749f0b9e).html|journal=Sport in Society|volume=22|issue=9|pages=1555–1573|doi=10.1080/17430437.2018.1435004|s2cid=148683831|via=Taylor & Francis Online|access-date=5 April 2024|archive-date=27 July 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240727014644/https://pure.au.dk/portal/da/publications/sex-drugs-and-science-the-iocs-and-iaafs-attempts-to-control-fair|url-status=live}}</ref> and been subject to dispute.<ref name=":2">{{Cite news|last=Parks Pieper|first=Lindsay|date=2018|title=First, they qualified for the Olympics. Then they had to prove their sex|newspaper=The Washington Post|url=|access-date=}}</ref> Before sex testing, Olympic officials relied on "nude parades"<ref name=":3">{{Cite journal|last=Pape|first=Madeleine|date=2019|title=Expertise and Non-Binary Bodies: Sex, Gender and the Case of Dutee Chand.|url=|journal=Body & Society|volume=25|issue=4|pages=3–28|doi=10.1177/1357034X19865940|s2cid=201403008|via=SAGE journals}}</ref> and doctor's notes.<ref name=":2" /> Successful [[Women's sports|women athletes]] perceived to be [[Masculinity|masculine]] were most likely to be inspected.<ref name=":2" /> In 1966, IOC implemented a compulsory sex verification process that took effect at the [[1968 Winter Olympics]] where a lottery system was used to determine who would be inspected with a [[Barr body]] test.<ref name=":3" /><ref name=":2" /> The scientific community found fault with this policy. The use of the Barr body test was evaluated by fifteen geneticists who unanimously agreed it was scientifically invalid.<ref name=":1" /> By the 1970s this method was replaced with [[Polymerase chain reaction|PCR testing]], as well as evaluating factors such as brain anatomy and behaviourbehavior.<ref name=":02" /> Following continued backlash against mandatory sex testing, the [[IOC Athletes' Commission|IOC's Athletes' Commission]]'s opposition ended of the practice in 1999.<ref name=":1" />

In February 2013, the IOC excluded [[wrestling]] from its core [[Olympic sports]] for the Summer Olympic programme for the [[2020 Summer Olympics]], because the sport did not offer equal opportunities for men and women. This decision was attacked by the sporting community, given the sport's long traditions.<ref>{{cite web |url=httphttps://espnwww.goespn.com/olympics/wrestling/story/_/id/8939185/ioc-drops-wrestling-2020-olympics |title=Wrestling dropped from 2020 Games |publisher=Espn.go.com |date=14 February 2013 |access-date=3 December 2013 |archive-date=2 December 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131202225619/http://espn.go.com/olympics/wrestling/story/_/id/8939185/ioc-drops-wrestling-2020-olympics |url-status=live }}</ref> This decision was later overturned, after a reassessment. Later, the sport was placed among the core Olympic sports, which it will hold until at least 2032.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.espn.co.uk/olympic-sports/sport/story/236327.html |title=Wrestling reinstated for Tokyo 2020 &#124; Olympics News |publisher=ESPN.co.uk |date=8 September 2013 |access-date=3 December 2013 |archive-date=19 September 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140919212901/http://www.espn.co.uk/olympic-sports/sport/story/236327.html |url-status=live }}</ref>

In July 2020 (and reconfirmed by [[FIE]] public notice in September 2020 and in January 2021), by public written notice the [[FIE had]] replaced its previous handshake requirement with a "salute" by the opposing fencers, and writtenwriting in itsa public notice that handshakes were "suspended until further notice."<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.usafencing.org/news_article/show/1093278-handshaking-rule-suspended-at-usa-fencing-events|title=Handshaking Rule Suspended at USA Fencing Events|first=Nicole|last=Jomantas|date=6 March 2020|website=USA Fencing|access-date=5 August 2023|archive-date=23 January 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240123173558/https://www.usafencing.org/news_article/show/1093278-handshaking-rule-suspended-at-usa-fencing-events|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.fencing.org.nz/news/162-covid-19-update-oceania-u20s-and-handshaking-rule|title= Oceania U20s and Handshaking Rule |publisher=Fencing New Zealand|first=Amanda|last=Hopkins|date=12 March 2020|access-date=5 August 2023|archive-date=18 January 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240118201743/https://www.fencing.org.nz/news/162-covid-19-update-oceania-u20s-and-handshaking-rule|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.britishfencing.com/handshaking-rule-temporarily-suspended/|title=Handshaking Rule Temporarily Suspended|date=5 March 2020|website=British Fencing|access-date=5 August 2023|archive-date=29 November 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231129053614/https://www.britishfencing.com/handshaking-rule-temporarily-suspended/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>[https://static.fie.org/uploads/24/124713-FIE_outline_risk-mitig_Covid-19%20ang.pdf "FIE OUTLINE of RISK-MITIGATION REQUIREMENTS for NATIONAL FENCING FEDERATIONS and COMPETITION ORGANIZERS in the CONTEXT of COVID-19; PREPARED by FIE TASK FORCE and REVIEWED by FIE MEDICAL COMMISSION and FIE LEGAL COMMISSION,"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230805194038/https://static.fie.org/uploads/24/124713-FIE_outline_risk-mitig_Covid-19%20ang.pdf |date=5 August 2023 }} FIE, 1 July 2020 and September 2020.</ref><ref>[https://static.fie.org/uploads/24/124248-1.c%20upd%20FIE%20outline%20risk-mitig%20Covid-19%20ang.pdf "FIE OUTLINE of RISK-MITIGATION REQUIREMENTS for NATIONAL FENCING FEDERATIONS and COMPETITION ORGANISERS in the CONTEXT of COVID-19 (FORMIR – COVID-19) PREPARED by FIE TASK FORCE and REVIEWED by FIE MEDICAL COMMISSION and FIE LEGAL COMMISSION,"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230805194040/https://static.fie.org/uploads/24/124248-1.c%20upd%20FIE%20outline%20risk-mitig%20Covid-19%20ang.pdf |date=5 August 2023 }} FIE, January 2021.]</ref> Nevertheless, in July 2023, whenthe Ukrainian four-time world fencing individual [[sabre]] champion [[Olga Kharlan]] was disqualified at the [[2023 World Fencing Championships|World Fencing Championship]]s by the [[Fédération Internationale d'Escrime]] for not shaking the hand of her defeated Russian opponent, although Kharlan instead offered a tapping of blades in acknowledgement, Thomas Bach stepped in the next day.<ref name="auto1a">{{Cite web|url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/fencing/66322668|title=World Fencing Championships: Ukraine's Olga Kharlan disqualified for refusing Russian Anna Smirnov's handshake|work=BBC|date=27 July 2023|access-date=5 August 2023|archive-date=16 August 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230816224235/https://www.bbc.com/sport/fencing/66322668|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="auto3a">{{Cite web|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/sport/fencing-ukraine-russia-handshake-world-championship-b2383066.html|title=Ukrainian fencer disqualified from world championships for refusing handshake with Russian opponent; Olga Kharlan offered to touch blades after beating Anna Smirnova, who then staged a sit-down protest at the handshake refusal |date=27 July 2023|website=The Independent|author=Aadi Nair|access-date=5 August 2023|archive-date=28 July 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230728003903/https://www.independent.co.uk/sport/fencing-ukraine-russia-handshake-world-championship-b2383066.html|url-status=live}}</ref> AsThe President of the IOC, heThomas Bach, sent a letter to Kharlan in which he expressed empathy for her, and wrote that in light of the situation she was guaranteed a spot in the [[2024 Summer Olympics]].<ref name="auto10">{{Cite web|url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/sports/olympics/2023/07/28/ukrainian-fencer-wont-shake-hands-with-russian-promised-olympic-spot/70488240007/|title=Ukrainian fencer won't shake hands with Russian at world championships, gets Olympic spot|website=USA TODAY|access-date=5 August 2023|archive-date=29 July 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230729033645/https://www.usatoday.com/story/sports/olympics/2023/07/28/ukrainian-fencer-wont-shake-hands-with-russian-promised-olympic-spot/70488240007/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="7413289Kharlan">{{cite web |title=Ukrainian fencer gets automatically qualified for Olympics|url=https://www.pravda.com.ua/eng/news/2023/07/28/7413289/|date=28 July 2023|access-date=28 July 2023|language=English|author=Yevhen Kizilov |website=[[Ukrainska Pravda]]|archive-date=28 July 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230728172256/https://www.pravda.com.ua/eng/news/2023/07/28/7413289/|url-status=live}}<br>{{cite web |title=Russia-Ukraine conflict: Fencer Olga Kharlan ban lifted as she is handed Olympic spot|url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/fencing/66339461|date=28 July 2023|access-date=28 July 2023|language=English|website=[[BBC Sport]]|archive-date=28 July 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230728143616/https://www.bbc.com/sport/fencing/66339461|url-status=live}}</ref> He wrote further: "as a fellow fencer, it is impossible for me to imagine how you feel at this moment. The war against your country, the suffering of the people in Ukraine, the uncertainty around your participation at the Fencing World Championships ... and then the events which unfolded yesterday – all this is a roller coaster of emotions and feelings. It is admirable how you are managing this incredibly difficult situation, and I would like to express my full support to you. Rest assured that the IOC will continue to stand in full solidarity with the Ukrainian athletes and the Olympic community of Ukraine."<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.insidethegames.biz/articles/1139327/kharlan-2024-place|title=Ukraine's Kharlan assured of Paris 2024 place by IOC after handshake furore|date=28 July 2023|website=Inside the Games|access-date=5 August 2023|archive-date=28 July 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230728165543/https://www.insidethegames.biz/articles/1139327/kharlan-2024-place|url-status=live}}</ref>

On 12 October 2023, the International Olympic Committee issued a statement stating that after Russia began its full-scale invasion of Ukraine in 2022, the Russian Olympic Committee unilaterally transferred four regions that were originally under the jurisdiction of the [[National Olympic Committee of Ukraine]]: [[Donetsk Oblast]], [[Luhansk Oblast]], [[Kherson Oblast]], [[Zaporizhzhia Oblast]] were included as members of their own, so the International Olympic Committee announced the suspension of the membership of the [[Russian Olympic Committee]] with immediate effect.<ref>[{{Cite web |url=https://olympics.com/ioc/news/ioc-executive-board-suspends-russian-olympic-committee-with-immediate-effect |title=IOC Executive Board suspends Russian Olympic Committee with immediate effect] |access-date=7 January 2024 |archive-date=20 December 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231220045519/https://olympics.com/ioc/news/ioc-executive-board-suspends-russian-olympic-committee-with-immediate-effect |url-status=live }}</ref>

On 19 March 2024, the IOC announced that, due to their suspension, Russian and Belarusian athletes willwould be barred from the [[2024 Summer Olympics]] opening ceremony as neither nationsnation's athletes wherewere invited. Russia responded by accusing the IOC of being "neo-nazis." Under the ruling, Russian athletes would not be allowed to participate in team events, and are not allowed to display the Russian flag.<ref>{{cite web |last1=York |first1=Chris |title=Russia accuses Olympic Committee of 'racism and neo-Nazism' over opening ceremony decision |url=https://kyivindependent.com/russia-accuses-olympic-committee-of-racism-and-neo-nazism-over-opening-ceremony-decision/ |website=[[The Kyiv Independent]] |date=20 March 2024 |access-date=21 March 2024 |archive-date=20 March 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240320220858/https://kyivindependent.com/russia-accuses-olympic-committee-of-racism-and-neo-nazism-over-opening-ceremony-decision/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

Palestinian sports organizations and sports organizations from Arab countries have called for sanctions to be imposed against Israel and to prevent its participation in the [[Israel at the 2024 Summer Olympics|2024 Summer Olympics]] due to the [[Israel–Hamas war]] in the [[Gaza Strip]]. The calls from the organizations have been prompted by concerns about the war's impact on Palestinian athletes and sports facilities.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Zirin |first1=Dave |date=10 January 2024 |title=Will the IOC Do Anything About the Killing of Palestinian Athletes? |url=https://www.thenation.com/article/society/ioc-israel-palestine-olympics/ |work=[[The Nation]] |access-date=8 March 2024 |archive-date=27 February 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240227072424/https://www.thenation.com/article/society/ioc-israel-palestine-olympics/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=The case for sports sanctions against Israel |url=https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2024/jan/18/the-case-for-sports-sanctions-against-israel |work=The Guardian |date=18 January 2024 |last1=Zidan |first1=Karim |access-date=8 March 2024 |archive-date=20 January 2024 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20240120200009/https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2024/jan/18/the-case-for-sports-sanctions-against-israel |url-status=live }}</ref> In November 2023, Russia accused the IOC of having double standards by not sanctioning Israel due to its military actions in Gaza and [[Israeli-occupied territories|occupation of Palestine]], as Palestine is also an IOC member.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Salguero |first1=David Rubio |title=IOC defends the participation of Israeli athletes in Paris 2024 |url=https://www.insidethegames.biz/articles/1142358/ioc-defe |access-date=20 February 2024 |work=insidethegames.biz |date=6 November 2023 |archive-date=20 February 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240220202117/https://www.insidethegames.biz/articles/1142358/ioc-defe |url-status=live }}</ref> In January 2024, over 300 Palestinian sports clubs called for Israel to be barred from the 2024 Olympics after [[Bombing of Gaza|Israeli airstrikes]] had killed Palestine's Olympic football team coach, and damaged the headquarters of the [[Palestine Olympic Committee]] in Gaza.<ref>{{cite web |date=18 January 2024 |title=More than 300 Palestinian sports clubs call for Israel Olympic Games ban |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/liveblog/2024/1/18/israels-war-on-gaza-live-medicine-arrives-for-captives-palestinians?update=2629791 |website=Al Jazeera |access-date=8 March 2024 |archive-date=25 February 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240225214605/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/liveblog/2024/1/18/israels-war-on-gaza-live-medicine-arrives-for-captives-palestinians?update=2629791 |url-status=live }}</ref> The IOC has cautioned athletes against boycotting or discriminating others, stating that immediate action will follow any discriminatory behavior such as the case of Algerian judoka [[Fethi Nourine]], who received a ten-year ban following his refusal to fight [[Tohar Butbul]], an Israeli in [[2020 Summer Olympics|2020]]. The IOC also stated that athletes are not to be held accountable for their government's actions.<ref>{{cite news |title=IOC waarschuwt voor boycots en discriminatie tijdens Spelen |trans-title=IOC warns against boycotts and discrimination during Games |url=https://www.rtlnieuws.nl/sport/artikel/5416404/ioc-waarschuwt-voor-boycots-en-discriminatie-tijdens-spelen |work=[[RTL Nieuws]] |date=1 November 2023 |language=NL |access-date=8 March 2024 |archive-date=17 February 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240217160509/https://www.rtlnieuws.nl/sport/artikel/5416404/ioc-waarschuwt-voor-boycots-en-discriminatie-tijdens-spelen |url-status=live }}</ref> In March 2024, IOC President [[Thomas Bach]] made it clear there was no issue regarding Israel participating at the 2024 Summer Olympics and cautioned athletes against boycotts and discrimination.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Israel's Olympic status not in question says IOC president Bach amid frustration with Russia|url=https://apnews.com/article/paris-olympics-ioc-bach-israel-russia-8b6005213cb0e680bf533c0454ece216|date=2024-03-06 |website=AP|language=en|access-date=8 March 2024|archive-date=6 March 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240306192356/https://apnews.com/article/paris-olympics-ioc-bach-israel-russia-8b6005213cb0e680bf533c0454ece216|url-status=live}}</ref>

|rowspan=4| '''Vice Presidents''' || [[NgNicole Ser MiangHoevertsz]] || {{SINARU}}

| [[JohnJuan CoatesAntonio (sportsSamaranch administrator)Salisachs|JohnJuan CoatesAntonio Samaranch]] || {{AUSESP}}

| [[NicoleNawal HoevertszEl Moutawakel]] || {{ARUMOR}}

|rowspan=10 | '''Executive Members''' || [[Robin E. Mitchell]] || {{FIJ}}

| [[IOC Athletes' Commission]] || [[Emma Terho]] || {{FIN}} || Represent athletes within the Olympic Movement, support them so they can succeed in their sporting and non-sporting careers, and empower the network of athlete representatives.

| IOC Athletes' Entourage Commission || [[Sergey Bubka]] || {{UKR}} || Improve the quality and the level of services to athletes by engaging with and uniting the stakeholders.

| IOC Audit Committee || [[Pierre-Olivier Beckers-Vieujant]] || {{BEL}} || Assist the Director General's Office in fulfilling its responsibilities in terms of risk management, financial reporting, compliance, control and governance.

| IOC Future Host Winter Commission [[2030For The Olympic Winter Olympics]]Games || [[Octavian Morariu]] || {{ROUROM}} || Explore, create and oversee interest in future Olympic Winter Games and Winter Youth Olympic Games.

| IOC Future Host Summer Commission [[2030For SummerThe YouthGames Olympics]]Of The (YOG)Olympiad || [[Kolinda Grabar-Kitarovic]] || {{CRO}} || Explore, create and oversee interest in future Games of the Olympiad and Summer Youth Olympic Games.

| IOC Coordination Commission [[2032 Summer Olympics|Brisbane 2032]] || [[Kirsty Coventry]] || {{ZIM}} || Supervise the planning and organization of the Games of the XXXV Olympiad Brisbane 2032.

| IOC Coordination Commission [[2028 Summer Olympics|Los Angeles 2028]] || [[Nicole Hoevertsz]] || {{ARU}} || Supervise the planning and organization of the Games of the XXXIV Olympiad Los Angeles 2028.

| IOC Coordination Commission [[2026 Summer Youth Olympics|Dakar 2026]] (YOG) || [[Kirsty Coventry]] || {{ZIM}} ||Supervise the planning and organization of the 4th Youth Olympic Games Dakar 2026.

| IOC Coordination Commission [[2026 Winter Olympics|Milano- Cortina 2026]] || [[Kristin Kloster Aasen]] || {{NOR}} || Supervise the planning and organization of the XXV Olympic Winter Games Milano Cortina 2026.

| IOC [[Olympic Channel]]Programme Commission || [[RichardKarl CarriónStoss]] || {{PURAUT}} || Analyze Summer, Winter and Youth Olympic Games programmes and form proposals for consideration by the IOC Executive Board.

*[[The Coca-Cola Company|Coca-Cola]]-[[Mengniu Dairy]] (joint partnership)

*[[Samsung Electronics]]

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