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An example from the [[Tanakh]] is the earliest known text of the positive form of the famous "[[Golden Rule]]":<ref name="Plaut pp.892">[[Gunther Plaut]], ''The Torah — A Modern Commentary''; Union of American Hebrew Congregations, New York 1981; pp.892.</ref>
{{quote|You shall not take vengeance or bear a grudge against your kinsfolk. Love your neighbor as yourself: I am the LORD.|{{sourcetext|source=Bible|version=Jewish Publication Society 1917|book=Leviticus|chapter=19|verse=18}}<ref name="njps">New JPS Hebrew/English Tanakh</ref>}} [[Hillel the Elder]] (c. 110 BCE – 10 CE)
{{quote|What is hateful to you, do not do to your fellow: this is the whole Torah; the rest is the explanation; go and learn.|{{sourcetext|source=Babylonian Talmud|version=|book=Shabbath|chapter=folio|verse=31a}}|[[Babylonian Talmud]]}}
[[Pirkei Avot]] is a compilation of the [[ethics|ethical]] teachings and maxims of the Rabbis of the [[Mishnah|Mishnaic]] period. It is part of [[didactic]] [[Jewish]] ethical Musar literature. Because of its contents, it is also called '''Ethics of the Fathers'''. The teachings of Pirkei Avot appear in the Mishnaic [[Talmud|tractate]] of ''Avot'', the second-to-last tractate in the order of [[Nezikin]] in the
== Medieval Musar literature ==
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* ''[[Chovot ha-Levavot]]'' by [[Bahya ibn Paquda]]
* [http://www.panix.com/%7Ejjbaker/MadaD.html ''Hilchot Deot''] in ''Sefer ha-Madah'' of [[Mishneh Torah]] by [[Maimonides]]
* ''Sefer Hayashar'' (the ethical work, not to be confused with the many other unrelated works of the same name), published anonymously
* ''Shemona Perakim'' ("The Eight Chapters"):, the introduction to [[Pirkei Avot]] in [[Maimonides]]' commentary to the [[Mishnah]].
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{{Main|Mesillat Yesharim}}
[[Mesillat Yesharim]] is a Musar text published in Amsterdam by [[Moshe Chaim Luzzatto]] in the 18th century. Mesillat Yesharim is perhaps the most important work of Musar literature of the post-medieval period. The [[Vilna Gaon]] commented that he
=== Ottoman Musar literature ===
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== External links ==
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20130503081953/http://www.kolhamevaser.com/wp-content/uploads/2009/09/kh-musar-and-jewish-ethics-iii-1-update.pdf Musar and Jewish Ethics pdf] ''[[Yeshiva University]] Student Magazine''
* [
* Benjamin Brown, [https://www.academia.edu/5157596/From_Principles_to_Rules_and_from_Musar_to_Halakhah_-_The_Hafetz_Hayims_Rulings_on_Libel_and_Gossip From Principles to Rules and from Musar to Halakhah - The Hafetz Hayims Rulings on Libel and Gossip].
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