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Line 1: {{Short description\|2001 Islamist terror attacks in the United States}} {{About\|the attacks in 2001\|other attacks on the same date\|September 11 attacks (disambiguation)}} {{~~Redirect2~~Hatnote\|"Nine eleven\|," "9/11\|," and "9-11" redirect here. For the calendar ~~date\|~~dates, see [[September 11\|]] and [[November 9]]. For the reverse\|, see [[11/9]]. ~~(disambiguation)\|and\|November~~For 9\|other uses~~\|911~~, ~~(disambiguation)~~see [[911]].}} ~~{{Redirect\|9-11\|the collection of interviews with Noam Chomsky\|9-11 (book){{!}}''9-11'' (book)}}~~ {{pp-semi-indef}} {{Good article}} Line 27 ⟶ 26: * [[The Pentagon]] ([[AA 77]]) * [[U.S. Capitol Building]] or the [[White House]] ([[UA 93]]; unsuccessful due to [[United Airlines Flight 93#Passenger revolt\|passenger revolt]]) \| fatalities = [[Casualties of the September 11 attacks\|2,996]]{{efn\|Thousands more are thought to have died of illnesses related to the attack;<ref>{{Cite news \|title=First responder deaths from post-9/11 illnesses nearly equals number of firefighters who died that day \|url=https://~~amp~~www.cnn.com~~/cnn~~/2023/09/11/us/new-york-firefighters-911-illness-death/index.html \|work=CNN}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web \|title=20 Years Later: The Lingering Health Effects of 9/11 \|url=https://www.asbestos.com/featured-stories/9-11-lingering-health-effects/#:~:text=The%20toxic%20cloud%20of%20dangerous,1%2C366%20died%20from%20related%20cancers.}}</ref> however, the exact number is unknown as it is difficult to determine whether or not the illnesses were related or unrelated to the attack.}}<br />([[Lists of victims of the September 11 attacks\|2,977 victims]] and [[Hijackers in the September 11 attacks\|19 Al-Qaeda terrorists]]) \| injuries = 6,000–25,000+{{efn\| Sources vary regarding the number of injuries―some say 6,000<ref>{{Cite web \|date=September 11, 2022 \|title=A Day of Remembrance \|url=https://ge.usembassy.gov/a-day-of-remembrance/ \|url-status=live \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231024074052/https://ge.usembassy.gov/a-day-of-remembrance/ \|archive-date=October 24, 2023 \|access-date=October 27, 2022 \|publisher=U.S. Embassy in Georgia}}</ref> while others go as high as 25,000.<ref>{{Cite news \|last=Stempel \|first=Jonathan \|date=July 29, 2019 \|title=Accused 9/11 mastermind open to role in victims' lawsuit if not executed \|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-sept-11-saudi-ksmohammed/accused-9-11-mastermind-open-to-role-in-victims-lawsuit-if-not-executed-idUSKCN1UO27M \|url-status=live \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200405122413/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-sept-11-saudi-ksmohammed/accused-9-11-mastermind-open-to-role-in-victims-lawsuit-if-not-executed-idUSKCN1UO27M \|archive-date=April 5, 2020 \|access-date=October 27, 2022 \|work=[[Reuters]]}}</ref>}} \| perps = [[Al-Qaeda]] led by [[Osama bin Laden]] (see also: [[Responsibility for the September 11 attacks\|responsibility]]) Line 44 ⟶ 43: <!----> The '''September 11 attacks''',{{efn\|Al-Qaeda's name for the events is the '''Manhattan Raid''', though this name is rarely used by non-jihadist sources.<ref>{{Cite web \|last=Riedel \|first=Bruce \|date=2011-07-15 \|title=Al Qaeda’s 9/11 Obsession \|url=https://www.brookings.edu/articles/al-qaedas-911-obsession/ \|website=brookings.edu}}</ref>}} commonly known as '''9/11''',{{efn\|The expression ''9/11'' is typically pronounced "nine eleven" in English,<ref>{{Cite book \|last=Allan \|first=Keith \|author-link=Keith Allan (linguist) \|url={{google books\|plainurl=y\|id=b2rCLYHjDMgC}} \|title=Forbidden Words: Taboo and the Censoring of Language \|last2=Burridge \|first2=Kate \|author-link2=Kate Burridge \|publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]] \|year=2006 \|isbn=978-1-139-45760-6 \|page=233}}</ref> even in places that use the opposite date format. The slash is not pronounced.}} were four coordinated [[Islamist terrorist]] suicide attacks carried out by [[al-Qaeda]] against the [[United States]] in 2001. [[Hijackers in the September 11 attacks#Hijackers\|Nineteen terrorists]] hijacked four commercial airliners, crashing the first two into the Twin Towers of the [[World Trade Center (1973–2001)\|World Trade Center]] in New York City and the third into [[the Pentagon]] (headquarters of the [[~~U.S.~~United States Department of Defense]]) in [[Arlington County, Virginia]]. The [[United Airlines Flight 93\|fourth plane]] crashed in rural [[Pennsylvania]] during a passenger revolt. The September 11 attacks killed 2,977 people, making it the deadliest terrorist attack in history. In response to the attacks, the United States waged the multi-decade global [[war on terror]] to eliminate hostile groups deemed terrorist organizations, as well as the foreign governments purported to support them. Ringleader [[Mohamed Atta]] flew [[American Airlines Flight 11]] into the [[~~List of tenants in~~ 1 World Trade Center (1971–2001)\|North Tower]] of the World Trade Center complex in [[Lower Manhattan]] at 8:46 a.m.{{efn\|name=Time4\|The exact time is disputed. The ''[[9/11 Commission Report]]'' states that Flight 11 struck the North Tower at 08:46:40 a.m.,<ref>{{Cite web \|year=2004 \|title=Collapse of WTC1 \|url=https://9-11commission.gov/report/911Report.pdf \|url-status=live \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170912055527/https://9-11commission.gov/report/911Report.pdf \|archive-date=September 12, 2017 \|access-date=December 7, 2023 \|website=9/11 Final Report of the National Commission \|page=24}}</ref> NIST reports 08:46:30 a.m.,<ref>{{Cite journal \|year=2005 \|title=Final report on the collapse of the World Trade Center \|url=https://nvlpubs.nist.gov/nistpubs/Legacy/NCSTAR/ncstar1.pdf \|url-status=live \|journal=NIST \|page=69 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210707002217/https://nvlpubs.nist.gov/nistpubs/Legacy/NCSTAR/ncstar1.pdf \|archive-date=July 7, 2021 \|access-date=December 7, 2023}}</ref> and some other sources claim 08:46:26 a.m.<ref name="102mins">{{Cite news \|date=May 26, 2002 \|title=102 Minutes: Last Words at the Trade Center; Fighting to Live as the Towers Die \|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2002/05/26/nyregion/102-minutes-last-words-at-the-trade-center-fighting-to-live-as-the-towers-die.html \|url-status=live \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090912025748/http://www.nytimes.com/2002/05/26/nyregion/102-minutes-last-words-at-the-trade-center-fighting-to-live-as-the-towers-die.html \|archive-date=September 12, 2009 \|access-date=June 23, 2023 \|work=The New York Times}}</ref>}} Seventeen minutes later,{{efn\|name=Time\|The exact time is disputed. The ''9/11 Commission Report'' states that Flight 175 struck the South Tower at 09:03:11 a.m.,<ref>{{Cite report \|url=https://9-11commission.gov/report/911Report.pdf \|title=Final Report of the 9/11 Commission on Terrorist Attacks Upon the United States \|date=July 22, 2004 \|publisher=National Commission on Terrorist Attacks Upon the United States \|pages=7–8 \|access-date=August 15, 2021 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210816164111/https://www.9-11commission.gov/report/911Report.pdf \|archive-date=August 16, 2021 \|url-status=live \|ref={{harvid\|9/11 Commission\|2004a}}}}</ref><ref>{{Cite report \|url=https://www.archives.gov/research/9-11/staff-report-sept2005.pdf \|title=Staff Report of the 9/11 Commission on Terrorist Attacks upon the United States \|date=September 2005 \|publisher=National Commission on Terrorist Attacks Upon the United States \|page=24 \|access-date=August 15, 2021 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140712075041/http://www.archives.gov/research/9-11/staff-report-sept2005.pdf \|archive-date=July 12, 2014 \|url-status=live \|ref={{harvid\|9/11 Commission\|2004b}} \|orig-date=August 26, 2004}}</ref> NIST reports 09:02:59 a.m.,<ref>{{Cite report \|url=https://nvlpubs.nist.gov/nistpubs/Legacy/NCSTAR/ncstar1-5av1.pdf \|title=Visual Evidence, Damage Estimates, and Timeline Analysis \|date=September 2005 \|publisher=Building and Fire Research Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, United States Department of Commerce \|page=27 \|access-date=August 24, 2021 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210911011051/https://nvlpubs.nist.gov/nistpubs/Legacy/NCSTAR/ncstar1-5av1.pdf \|archive-date=September 11, 2021 \|url-status=live \|ref={{harvid\|NISTb\|2005}}}}</ref> and some other sources claim 09:03:02 a.m.<ref>{{Cite news \|date=June 17, 2004 \|title=Timeline for United Airlines Flight 175 \|url=https://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=1962517 \|url-status=live \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210824221736/https://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=1962517 \|archive-date=August 24, 2021 \|access-date=August 24, 2021 \|work=NPR}}</ref> In any case, the 16-minute gap between each impact is rounded to 17.{{sfn\|9/11 Commission\|2004a\|p=302}}}} [[United Airlines Flight 175]] hit the [[~~List of tenants in~~ 2 World Trade Center (1971–2001)\|South Tower]]. [[Collapse of the World Trade Center\|Both collapsed]] within an hour and forty-one minutes,{{efn\|name=Time1\|While NIST and the 9/11 Commission give differing accounts of the exact second of the North Tower's collapse initiation, with NIST placing it at 10:28:22 a.m.<ref>{{Cite web \|date=September 11, 2023 \|title=9/11/01 timeline: How the September 11, 2001 attacks unfolded \|url=https://6abc.com/what-happened-on-911-september-11-remembrance-timeline-facts-about-911/6411796/ \|url-status=live \|archive-url=https://archive.today/20231105012442/https://6abc.com/what-happened-on-911-september-11-remembrance-timeline-facts-about-911/6411796/ \|archive-date=November 5, 2023 \|access-date=November 4, 2023 \|website=[[WPVI-TV]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal \|year=2005 \|title=Final report on the collapse of the World Trade Center \|url=https://nvlpubs.nist.gov/nistpubs/Legacy/NCSTAR/ncstar1.pdf \|url-status=live \|journal=NIST \|page=229 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210707002217/https://nvlpubs.nist.gov/nistpubs/Legacy/NCSTAR/ncstar1.pdf \|archive-date=July 7, 2021 \|access-date=December 7, 2023}}</ref> and the commission at 10:28:25 a.m.,<ref>{{Cite web \|year=2004 \|title=Collapse of WTC1 \|url=https://9-11commission.gov/report/911Report.pdf \|url-status=live \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170912055527/https://9-11commission.gov/report/911Report.pdf \|archive-date=September 12, 2017 \|access-date=December 7, 2023 \|website=9/11 Final Report of the National Commission \|page=329}}</ref> it is generally accepted that Flight 11 did not strike the North Tower any sooner than 8:46:26 a.m.,<ref name="102mins" /> so the time it took for the North Tower to collapse was just shy of 102 minutes either way.}} bringing about the destruction of the remaining five structures in the complex and damaging or destroying nearby buildings. [[American Airlines Flight 77]] flew towards Washington, D.C. and crashed into the Pentagon at 9:37 a.m., causing a partial collapse. The fourth and final flight, [[United Airlines Flight 93]], also changed course towards Washington, believed by investigators to target either the [[United States Capitol]] or the [[White House]]. Alerted to the previous attacks, the passengers revolted against the hijackers who crashed the aircraft into a field near [[Shanksville, Pennsylvania]], at 10:03 a.m. The [[Federal Aviation Administration]] ordered an indefinite [[ground stop]] for all air traffic in U.S. airspace, preventing any further aircraft departures until September 13 and requiring all airborne aircraft to return to their point of origin or divert to Canada. The actions undertaken in Canada to support incoming aircraft and their occupants were collectively titled [[Operation Yellow Ribbon]]. That evening, the [[Central Intelligence Agency]] informed President [[George W. Bush]] that its [[Counterterrorism Center]] had identified the attacks as having been the work of Al-Qaeda under [[Osama bin Laden]]. [[U.S. government response to the September 11 attacks\|The United States formally responded]] by launching the war on terror and [[United States invasion of Afghanistan\|invading Afghanistan]] to depose the [[Taliban]], which rejected U.S. terms to expel Al-Qaeda from Afghanistan and extradite its leaders. The U.S.'s invocation of [[Article 5 of the North Atlantic Treaty]]—its only usage to date—called upon allies to fight al-Qaeda. As U.S. and [[NATO]] invasion forces swept through Afghanistan, bin Laden [[Battle of Tora Bora\|eluded them]]. He denied any involvement [[2004 Osama bin Laden video\|until 2004]], when excerpts of a taped statement in which he accepted [[Responsibility for the September 11 attacks\|responsibility for the attacks]] were released. [[Motives for the September 11 attacks\|Al-Qaeda's cited motivations]] included [[Israel–United States relations\|U.S. support of Israel]], the presence of [[Operation Southern Watch\|U.S. military bases in Saudi Arabia]] and [[sanctions against Iraq]]. The nearly decade-long [[Manhunt for Osama bin Laden\|manhunt for bin Laden]] concluded on May 2, 2011, when [[Killing of Osama bin Laden\|he was killed during a U.S. military raid]] on [[Osama bin Laden's compound in Abbottabad\|his compound]] in [[Abbottabad, Pakistan]]. The [[War in Afghanistan (2001–2021)\|War in Afghanistan]] continued for another eight years until the agreement was made in February 2020 for American and NATO troops to [[Withdrawal of United States troops from Afghanistan (2020–2021)\|withdraw from the country]]. Line 276 ⟶ 275: }} At 7:59 a.m., [[American Airlines Flight 11]] took off from [[Logan International Airport]] in [[Boston]].<ref>{{Cite news \|last=Johnson \|first=Glen \|date=November 23, 2001 \|title=Probe reconstructs horror, calculated attacks on planes \|url=http://www.boston.com/news/packages/underattack/news/planes_reconstruction.htm \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121202072139/http://www.boston.com/news/packages/underattack/news/planes_reconstruction.htm \|archive-date=December 2, 2012 \|work=The Boston Globe}}</ref> Fifteen minutes into the flight, five hijackers armed with [[boxcutter]]s took over the plane, injuring at least three people (and possibly killing one)<ref>{{Cite news \|date=July 23, 2004 \|title=Excerpt: A travel day like any other until some passengers left their seats \|url=http://seattletimes.nwsource.com/html/nationworld/2001986488_planes23.html \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111119033249/http://seattletimes.nwsource.com/html/nationworld/2001986488_planes23.html \|archive-date=November 19, 2011 \|access-date=May 23, 2008 \|work=[[The Seattle Times]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news \|date=June 28, 2004 \|title=Inside the failed Air Force scramble to prevent the Sept. 11 attacks \|url=http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/5315883/ \|url-status=dead \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090918164352/http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/5315883/ \|archive-date=September 18, 2009 \|access-date=May 23, 2008 \|work=[[MSNBC]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news \|last=Woolley \|first=Scott \|date=April 23, 2007 \|title=Video Prophet \|url=https://www.forbes.com/home/technology/forbes/2007/0423/068.html \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081216103647/http://www.forbes.com/home/technology/forbes/2007/0423/068.html \|archive-date=December 16, 2008 \|access-date=May 23, 2008 \|work=Forbes}}</ref> before forcing their way into the cockpit. The terrorists also displayed an apparent explosive and sprayed [[Tear gas\|mace]] into the cabin, to frighten the hostages into submission and further hinder resistance.<ref>{{Cite news \|last=Sheehy \|first=Gail \|date=February 15, 2004 \|title=Stewardess ID'd Hijackers Early, Transcripts Show burden \|url=http://www.observer.com/node/48805 \|url-status=dead \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071207153421/http://www.observer.com/node/48805 \|archive-date=December 7, 2007 \|access-date=September 30, 2010 \|work=New York Observer}}</ref> Back at Logan, [[United Airlines Flight 175]] took off at 8:14 a.m.<ref name="We have some planes">{{Cite web \|title=WE HAVE SOME PLANES \|url=https://govinfo.library.unt.edu/911/report/911Report_Ch1.htm \|url-status=live \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20041205190225/https://govinfo.library.unt.edu/911/report/911Report_Ch1.htm \|archive-date=December 5, 2004 \|access-date=December 7, 2023 \|publisher=National Commission on Terrorist Attacks Upon the United States}}</ref> Hundreds of miles southwest at [[Dulles International Airport]], [[American Airlines Flight 77]] left the runway at 8:20 a.m.<ref name="We have some planes" /> Flight 175's journey proceeded normally for 28 minutes until 8:42 am, when a group of five hijacked the plane, murdering both pilots and stabbing several crew members before assuming control of the aircraft. These hijackers also used bomb threats to ~~instil~~instill fear into the passengers and crew,{{sfn\|9/11 Commission\|2004a\|pp=7–8}} also spraying ~~chemical~~"tear ~~weapons~~gas, pepper spray or another irritant" in the cabin to ~~disable~~force ~~any~~passengers and flight attendants to the rear of the ~~opposition~~cabin.<ref>{{Cite news \|date=September 5, 2011 \|title=September 11: From take-off to tragic loss \|url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/specials/september-11-remembered/2011-09-06/september-11-timeline/2862086 \|url-status=live \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221129075152/https://www.abc.net.au/news/specials/september-11-remembered/2011-09-06/september-11-timeline/2862086 \|archive-date=November 29, 2022 \|access-date=November 29, 2022 \|work=Australian Broadcasting Corporation}}</ref> Concurrently, [[United Airlines Flight 93]] departed from [[Newark International Airport]] in [[New Jersey]];<ref name="We have some planes" /> originally scheduled to pull away from the gate at 8:00 a.m., the plane was running 42 minutes late. At 8:46 a.m., Flight 11 was deliberately crashed into the north face of the World Trade Center's North Tower between the 93rd and 99th floors.<ref>{{Cite web \|date=February 19, 2002 \|title=Flight Path Study – American Airlines Flight 11 \|url=http://www.gwu.edu/~nsarchiv/NSAEBB/NSAEBB196/doc01.pdf \|url-status=live \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070214030913/http://www.gwu.edu/~nsarchiv/NSAEBB/NSAEBB196/doc01.pdf \|archive-date=February 14, 2007 \|access-date=June 27, 2011 \|publisher=National Transportation Safety Board}}</ref> The initial presumption by many was that it was an accident.<ref>{{Cite web \|title=Preliminary Results from the World Trade Center Evacuation Study – New York City, 2003 \|url=https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5335a3.htm \|url-status=live \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181204032648/https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5335a3.htm \|archive-date=December 4, 2018 \|access-date=November 30, 2022}}</ref> At 8:51 a.m., American Airlines Flight 77 was also taken over by five hijackers who forcibly entered the cockpit 31 minutes after take-off.<ref>{{Cite web \|last=Gregor \|first=Joseph A. \|date=December 21, 2001 \|title=American Airlines Flight 77 \|url=https://www.ntsb.gov/doclib/foia/9_11/ATC_Report_AA77.pdf \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121029094317/https://www.ntsb.gov/doclib/foia/9_11/ATC_Report_AA77.pdf \|archive-date=October 29, 2012 \|access-date=September 25, 2011 \|publisher=National Transportation Safety Board}}</ref> Although they were equipped with knives,<ref>{{Cite news \|date=September 12, 2001 \|title=On Flight 77: 'Our Plane Is Being Hijacked \|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/politics/2001/09/12/on-flight-77-our-plane-is-being-hijacked/85b3c4b3-876b-4bb5-b1f7-00cc8c37b75e/ \|url-status=live \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160111151019/https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/politics/2001/09/12/on-flight-77-our-plane-is-being-hijacked/85b3c4b3-876b-4bb5-b1f7-00cc8c37b75e/ \|archive-date=January 11, 2016 \|access-date=November 27, 2022 \|work=[[The Washington Post]]}}</ref> there were no reports of anyone on board being stabbed, nor did the two people who made phone calls mention the use of mace or a bomb threat. Line 284 ⟶ 283: Four men aboard Flight 93 struck suddenly, killing at least one passenger, after having waited 46 minutes—a holdup that proved disastrous for the terrorists when combined with the delayed takeoff.<ref>{{Cite news \|last=Longman \|first=Jere \|date=April 26, 2006 \|title='United 93' and the politics of heroism \|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2006/04/26/arts/united-93-and-the-politics-of-heroism.html \|url-status=live \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230306235027/https://www.nytimes.com/2006/04/26/arts/united-93-and-the-politics-of-heroism.html \|archive-date=March 6, 2023 \|access-date=December 7, 2023 \|work=The New York Times}}</ref> They stormed the cockpit and seized control of the plane at 9:28 a.m., turning the plane eastbound towards Washington, D.C.<ref>{{Cite news \|last=Stout \|first=David \|date=April 12, 2006 \|title=Recording From Flight 93 Played at Trial \|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2006/04/12/us/12cnd-moussaoui.html?hp&ex=1144900800&en=f6fc83f83a632d06&ei=5094&partner=homepage \|url-status=live \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150904030034/http://www.nytimes.com/2006/04/12/us/12cnd-moussaoui.html?hp&ex=1144900800&en=f6fc83f83a632d06&ei=5094&partner=homepage \|archive-date=September 4, 2015 \|access-date=August 24, 2008 \|work=The New York Times}}</ref> Much like their counterparts on the first two flights, the fourth team used bomb threats and filled the cabin with mace.<ref>{{Cite news \|date=April 12, 2006 \|title=Transcript: Paula Zahn Now \|url=http://edition.cnn.com/TRANSCRIPTS/0604/12/pzn.01.html \|url-status=live \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121021015137/http://edition.cnn.com/TRANSCRIPTS/0604/12/pzn.01.html \|archive-date=October 21, 2012 \|access-date=April 5, 2010 \|work=CNN}}</ref> Nine minutes after Flight 93's hijacking, Flight 77 crashed into the west side of the Pentagon.<ref>{{Cite web \|date=February 19, 2002 \|title=Flight Path Study – American Airlines Flight 77 \|url=http://www.gwu.edu/~nsarchiv/NSAEBB/NSAEBB196/doc02.pdf \|url-status=live \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060824050511/http://www.gwu.edu/~nsarchiv/NSAEBB/NSAEBB196/doc02.pdf \|archive-date=August 24, 2006 \|access-date=June 27, 2011 \|publisher=National Transportation Safety Board}}</ref> Because of the two delays,<ref>{{Cite news \|date=September 9, 2021 \|title=What was Flight 93's target on 9/11? \|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/outlook/2021/09/09/flight-93-target-capitol/ \|url-status=live \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230110042815/https://www.washingtonpost.com/outlook/2021/09/09/flight-93-target-capitol/ \|archive-date=January 10, 2023 \|access-date=November 27, 2022 \|work=[[The Washington Post]]}}</ref> the passengers and crew of Flight 93 had time to learn of the previous attacks through phone calls to the ground, and, as a result, an uprising was hastily organized to take control of the aircraft at 9:57 a.m.<ref name="WP93">{{Cite news \|last=Snyder \|first=David \|date=April 19, 2002 \|title=Families Hear Flight 93's Final Moments \|url=http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P2-351703.html \|url-status=dead \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130602123513/http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P2-351703.html \|archive-date=June 2, 2013 \|access-date=November 12, 2013 \|work=The Washington Post}}</ref> Within minutes, passengers had fought their way to the front of the cabin and began breaking down the cockpit door. Fearing their captives would gain the upper hand, the hijackers rolled the plane and pitched it into a nosedive,<ref name="Flight93Xscript">{{cite wikisource \|title=Flight 93 Cockpit Transcript}}</ref><ref name="NPS Flight 93 Story">{{Cite web \|title=The Flight 93 Story \|url=http://www.nps.gov/flni/historyculture/index.htm \|url-status=live \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150112214156/http://www.nps.gov/flni/historyculture/index.htm \|archive-date=January 12, 2015 \|access-date=September 21, 2011 \|publisher=National Park Service}}</ref> crashing into a field near Shanksville, Pennsylvania, southeast of Pittsburgh, at 10:03 a.m. The plane was about twenty minutes away from reaching D.C. at the time of the crash, and its target is believed to have been either the [[United States Capitol\|Capitol Building]] or the [[White House]].<ref name="Chap7">{{Cite book \|title=9/11 Commission Report \|publisher=National Commission on Terrorist Attacks Upon the United States \|year=2004 \|chapter=The Attack Looms \|access-date=September 1, 2011 \|chapter-url=http://govinfo.library.unt.edu/911/report/911Report_Ch7.htm \|archive-url=https://archive.today/20121205050859/http://govinfo.library.unt.edu/911/report/911Report_Ch7.htm \|archive-date=December 5, 2012 \|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="WP93" /> Some passengers and crew who called from the aircraft using the cabin air phone service and mobile phones provided details: several hijackers were aboard each plane; they used [[Mace (spray)\|mace]], tear gas, or pepper spray to overcome attendants; and some people aboard had been stabbed.<ref name="93phone">See: Line 322 ⟶ 321: In 2010, a team of anthropologists and archaeologists searched for human remains and personal items at the [[Fresh Kills Landfill]], where 72 more human remains were recovered, bringing the total found to 1,845. DNA profiling continues in an attempt to identify additional victims.<ref>{{Cite news \|last=Andrade \|first=Mariano \|date=August 25, 2011 \|title=Scientists still struggle to identify 9/11 remains \|url=http://news.discovery.com/human/psychology/world-trade-center-remains-110826.htm \|url-status=live \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150403064003/http://news.discovery.com/human/psychology/world-trade-center-remains-110826.htm \|archive-date=April 3, 2015 \|access-date=September 5, 2011 \|work=[[Discovery News]] \|agency=Agence France-Presse}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news \|last=Lemre \|first=Jonathan \|date=August 24, 2011 \|title=Remains of WTC worker Ernest James, 40, ID'd ten years after 9/11 \|url=http://www.nydailynews.com/new-york/remains-wtc-worker-ernest-james-40-id-ten-years-9-11-article-1.945620 \|url-status=live \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120912163530/http://www.nydailynews.com/new-york/remains-wtc-worker-ernest-james-40-id-ten-years-9-11-article-1.945620 \|archive-date=September 12, 2012 \|access-date=April 10, 2012 \|work=New York Daily News}}</ref><ref name="DNAContinue">{{Cite news \|last=Cuza \|first=Bobby \|date=June 11, 2011 \|title=9/11 A Decade Later: DNA Matching Efforts To Continue At WTC Site \|url=http://www.ny1.com/content/143516/9-11-a-decade-later--remains-from-wtc-tested-by-latest-dna-tech \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140920211012/http://www.ny1.com/content/143516/9-11-a-decade-later--remains-from-wtc-tested-by-latest-dna-tech \|archive-date=September 20, 2014 \|access-date=September 21, 2011 \|work=[[NY1]]}}</ref> In 2014, three coffin-size cases carrying 7,930 unidentified remains were transferred to a medical examiner's repository located at the same site as the [[National September 11 Memorial & Museum]].<ref>{{Cite news \|last=Farrell \|first=Stephen \|date=May 10, 2014 \|title=In 'Ceremonial Transfer,' Remains of 9/11 Victims Are Moved to Memorial \|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2014/05/11/nyregion/remains-of-9-11-victims-are-transferred-to-trade-center-site.html \|access-date=May 21, 2024 \|work=The New York Times \|issn=0362-4331}}</ref> Victims' families are permitted to visit a private "reflection room" which is closed to the public. The choice to place the remains in an underground area attached to a museum has been controversial; families of some victims have attempted to have the remains instead interred in a separate, above-ground monument.<ref>{{Cite news \|last=Paolicelli \|first=Alyssa \|date=September 11, 2023 \|title=Some families of unidentified 9/11 victims want remains moved above ground \|url=https://ny1.com/nyc/manhattan/news/2023/09/08/some-families-of-unidentified-9-11-victims-want-remains-moved-above-ground \|access-date=May 20, 2024 \|work=NY1}}</ref> In August 2017, the 1,641st victim was identified as a result of newly available DNA technology,<ref>{{Cite news \|date=August 7, 2017 \|title=9/11 victim identified 16 years on \|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-us-canada-40855907 \|url-status=live \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221129165713/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-us-canada-40855907 \|archive-date=November 29, 2022 \|access-date=December 7, 2023 \|work=BBC News}}</ref> and a 1,642nd during July 2018.<ref name="no1642">{{Cite news \|date=July 26, 2018 \|title="Finality": 9/11 victim's remains identified 17 years later \|url=https://www.cbsnews.com/news/september-11-2001-attacks-remains-victim-scott-michael-johnson-identified/ \|url-status=live \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230324190315/https://www.cbsnews.com/amp/news/september-11-2001-attacks-remains-victim-scott-michael-johnson-identified/ \|archive-date=March 24, 2023 \|access-date=December 7, 2023 \|work=[[CBS News]]}}</ref> Three more victims were identified in October 2019,<ref>{{Cite news \|date=October 18, 2019 \|title=New York 9/11 Victim Identified 18 Years After Attack \|url=https://www.wnep.com/article/news/new-york-9-11-victim-identified-18-years-after-attack/523-5d8a00b6-4e72-4d47-a5c1-a9d8f89ec82c \|url-status=live \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200808125056/https://www.wnep.com/article/news/new-york-9-11-victim-identified-18-years-after-attack/523-5d8a00b6-4e72-4d47-a5c1-a9d8f89ec82c \|archive-date=August 8, 2020 \|access-date=February 13, 2021 \|work=ABC WNEP-16}}</ref> two in September 2021<ref name="2021-Sep">{{Cite news \|date=September 7, 2021 \|title=2 new 9/11 victims identified through DNA testing, first new IDs since Oct. 2019 \|url=https://www.audacy.com/wwjnewsradio/news/national/2-new-9-11-victims-identified-through-dna-testing-first-new-ids-since-oct-2019 \|url-status=live \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210908004755/https://www.audacy.com/wwjnewsradio/news/national/2-new-9-11-victims-identified-through-dna-testing-first-new-ids-since-oct-2019 \|archive-date=September 8, 2021 \|access-date=September 7, 2021}}</ref> and an additional two in September 2023.<ref name=":0">{{Cite news \|last=Sottile \|first=Zoe \|last2=Sgueglia \|first2=Kristina \|date=September 8, 2023 \|title=Two new 9/11 victims identified, the first identifications in two years \|url=https://www.cnn.com/2023/09/08/us/september-11-new-victim-identifications/index.html \|url-status=live \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231024141323/https://www.cnn.com/2023/09/08/us/september-11-new-victim-identifications/index.html \|archive-date=October 24, 2023 \|access-date=September 10, 2023 \|work=CNN}}</ref> As of September 2023, 1,104 victims remain unidentified,<ref name=":0" /> amounting to 40% of the deaths in the World Trade Center attacks.<ref name="2021-Sep" /> On September 25, 2023, the FDNY reported that the department had now lost the same number of members to 9/11-related illnesses as it did on the day of the attacks.<ref>{{Cite news \|date=September 25, 2023 \|title=FDNY loses 343rd member to 9/11 related illness – as many as died on day of attacks \|url=https://www.cbsnews.com/newyork/news/fdny-loses-343rd-member-to-911-related-illness-as-many-as-died-on-day-of-attacks/ \|url-status=live \|archive-url=https://archive.today/20230925140642/https://www.cbsnews.com/newyork/news/fdny-loses-343rd-member-to-911-related-illness-as-many-as-died-on-day-of-attacks/ \|archive-date=September 25, 2023 \|access-date=September 25, 2023 \|work=[[CBS New York]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news \|date=September 25, 2023 \|title=FDNY lives lost from 9/11-related illnesses now matches death toll from the day \|url=https://abc7ny.com/fdny-death-toll-september-11-emt-911-related-illness/13824058/ \|url-status=live \|archive-url=https://archive.today/20230925140931/https://abc7ny.com/fdny-death-toll-september-11-emt-911-related-illness/13824058/ \|archive-date=September 25, 2023 \|access-date=September 25, 2023 \|work=[[WABC-TV]] \|location=Albany, NY}}</ref> === Damage === Line 662 ⟶ 661: * [[List of cultural references to the September 11 attacks]] * [[Khobar Towers bombing]] * [[Attacks on the United States]] * [[List of aviation incidents involving terrorism]] * [[List of deadliest terrorist attacks in the United States]] Line 803 ⟶ 801: [[Category:Attacks on office buildings in the United States]] [[Category:Aviation accidents and incidents in the United States in 2001]] [[Category:Crimes adapted into films]] [[Category:Crimes in Manhattan]] [[Category:Disasters in New York City]] Line 813 ⟶ 812: [[Category:International terrorism]] [[Category:Islam and violence]] [[Category:Islam-related controversies in North America]] [[Category:Islamic extremism]] [[Category:Islamic fundamentalism in the United States]]