2020s in political history: Difference between revisions

{{Short description|none}} <!-- "none" is preferred when the title is sufficiently descriptive; see [[WP:SDNONE]] -->

{{see also|2020s in electoral politics|2020s in military history|2020s in African history|2020s in Asian history|2020s in European history|2020s in United States history}}

{{Decadebox|202}}

 

 

{{main|Political impact of the COVID-19 pandemic|Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on international relations}}

{{see also |COVID-19 lockdowns|COVID-19 pandemic by country and territory|National responses to the COVID-19 pandemic}}

The pandemic impacted international relations and affected the political systems of multiple countries, causing suspensions of legislative activities, isolation or deaths of multiple politicians and reschedulings of elections due to fears of spreading the virus. The pandemic also triggered broader debates about political issues such as the relative advantages of democracy and autocracy,<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Ang|first1=Yuen Yuen|date=2020|title=When COVID-19 meets centralized, personalized power|journal=Nature Human Behaviour|volume=4|issue=5|pages=445–447|doi=10.1038/s41562-020-0872-3|pmid=32273583|s2cid=215532797|doi-access=free}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|author1-link=David Stasavage|last1=Stasavage|first1=David|date=2020|title=Democracy, Autocracy, and Emergency Threats: Lessons for COVID-19 From the Last Thousand Years|journal=International Organization|volume=74|pages=E1–E17|doi=10.1017/S0020818320000338|doi-access=free}}</ref> how states respond to crises,<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Lipscy|first1=Phillip|date=2020|title=COVID-19 and the Politics of Crisis|journal=International Organization|volume=74|pages=E98–E127|doi=10.1017/S0020818320000375|s2cid=225135699|doi-access=free}}</ref> politicization of beliefs about the virus,<ref>{{cite journal|author1-link=James N. Druckman|last1=Druckman|first1=James|last2=Klar|first2=Samara|date=2020|title=How Affective Polarization Shapes Americans' Political Beliefs: A Study of Response to the COVID-19 Pandemic|journal=Journal of Experimental Political Science|volume=8|issue=3|pages=223–234|doi=10.1017/XPS.2020.28|s2cid=222312130|doi-access=free}}</ref> and the adequacy of existing frameworks of international cooperation.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Fazal|first1=Tanisha|date=2020|title=Health Diplomacy in Pandemical Times|journal=International Organization|volume=74|pages=E78–E97|doi=10.1017/S0020818320000326|s2cid=229265358|doi-access=free}}</ref>

 

{{Main|2020s in military history}}

 

The [[Treaty on the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons]], which totally bans nuclear weapons, went into effect on January 22, 2021. The treaty is not supported by NATO or any known nuclear powers.<ref>{{cite news |title=First-ever treaty to ban nuclear weapons enters into force |url=https://www.yahoo.com/news/first-ever-treaty-ban-nuclear-074010691.html |access-date=January 22, 2021 |work=news.yahoo.com |agency=AP |date=January 22, 2021}}</ref>

 

{{excerpt|2020–2022 China–India skirmishes}}

 

{{Main|2021 Kyrgyzstan–Tajikistan clashes}}

[[File:Batken_Province_in_Kyrgyzstan.svg|thumb|[[Batken Region]] in Kyrgyzstan.]]

On 28 April, [[Tajikistan]] and [[Kyrgyzstan]] forces on the [[Kyrgyzstan–Tajikistan border]] near [[Kök-Tash, Leilek]], started the clashes, resulting in four deaths and dozens of injuries.<ref>{{cite web|date=29 April 2021|title=Four die as Tajikistan and Kyrgyzstan armies clash on disputed border|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2021/apr/29/tajikistan-and-kyrgyzstan-armies-clash-on-disputed-border|website=The Guardian|agency=Associated Press|access-date=30 April 2021}}</ref> The following day clashes resumed, with at least 41 people killed from both sides and roughly 10,000 people [[Emergency evacuation|evacuated]].<ref name="report">{{Cite web|title=Минздрав Кыргызстана заявил о 31 погибшем в результате пограничного конфликта|url=https://report.az/ru/v-regione/minzdrav-v-rezultate-pogranichnogo-konflikta-pogib-31-kyrgyzstanec/|website=[[Report Information Agency]]|date=30 April 2021 |access-date=30 April 2021}}</ref> The same day the foreign ministers of [[Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Tajikistan|Tajikistan]] and [[Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Kyrgyzstan)|Kyrgyzstan]] agreed to a ceasefire at the border.<ref>{{cite news|date=April 29, 2021|title=Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan agree to ceasefire|publisher=[[TASS]]|url=https://tass.com/world/1285011|quote=Foreign Ministers of Kyrgyzstan and Tajikistan agreed to a ceasefire at the border starting on 20:00 local time (17:00 Moscow time) April 29, Kyrgyz Foreign Ministry announced Thursday.}}</ref> On 30 April, Tajikistan acknowledged the ceasefire in a statement published by its state information service.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-asia-56940011 |title=Deadly fighting on Kyrgyzstan-Tajikistan border kills at least 31 |date=30 April 2021 |website=[[BBC News]]}}</ref>

 

{{main|2020 Nagorno-Karabakh war}}

The [[2020 Nagorno-Karabakh war]] took place in the [[Nagorno-Karabakh]] region between the [[Republic of Artsakh]] backed by [[Armenia]] and [[Azerbaijan]] from September 2020 to November 2020. It is the latest escalation of the unresolved [[Nagorno-Karabakh conflict]]. A peace treaty was signed between Armenia, Azerbaijan, Artsakh, and [[Russia]], ending hostilities on 10 November 2020. Widespread protests in Armenia followed the treaty while it was celebrated in Azerbaijan. Since the end of the 2020 War, Azerbaijan regularly violated the November [[2020 Nagorno-Karabakh ceasefire agreement|ceasefire agreement]], provoking cross-border fights with Armenia.<ref>{{Cite web |last=POSTON |first=ALEXIS |date=2023-06-07 |title=State Fragility and the Shadow of Genocide in Nagorno Karabakh and Armenia (the South Caucasus) {{!}} The Fund for Peace |url=https://fundforpeace.org/2023/06/07/STATE-FRAGILITY-AND-THE-SHADOW-OF-GENOCIDE-IN-NAGORNO-KARABAKH-AND-ARMENIA-THE-SOUTH-CAUCASUS/#_ftn20 |access-date=2023-06-08 |website=fundforpeace.org |quote=Since the end of the Second Nagorno Karabakh War, Azerbaijan has regularly violated the ceasefire agreement, provoking firefights with Armenia along the border.}}</ref><ref name="auto13">{{cite web |title=Joint statement on the escalation on the border between Armenia and Azerbaijan and the Nagorno-Karabakh conflict {{pipe}} Communiqués {{pipe}} Documents {{pipe}} DSCA {{pipe}} Delegations {{pipe}} European Parliament |url=https://www.europarl.europa.eu/delegations/en/joint-statement-on-the-escalation-on-the/product-details/20211117DPU31721 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211117214640/https://www.europarl.europa.eu/delegations/en/joint-statement-on-the-escalation-on-the/product-details/20211117DPU31721 |archive-date=17 November 2021 |access-date=17 November 2021 |website=www.europarl.europa.eu}}</ref> The largest escalation occurred in September 2022, [[September 2022 Armenia–Azerbaijan clashes|when Azerbaijan launched the largest attack on the Republic of Armenia]] in the [[List of conflicts between Armenia and Azerbaijan|history of the conflict]] between the two countries.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Sukiasyan |first=Narek |date=2022-09-15 |title=Armenia is under attack |url=https://www.ips-journal.eu/topics/foreign-and-security-policy/armenia-is-under-attack-6190/ |access-date=2023-04-25 |website=www.ips-journal.eu |language=en-GB |quote=At midnight on Tuesday Azerbaijan launched the largest attack on the Republic of Armenia (unrelated to the line of contact of Nagorno Karabakh) in the entire history of the conflict between these two countries.}}</ref><ref name=":6">{{Cite web |last=Reichardt |first=Adam |date=2022-09-20 |title=What's behind the new round of clashes between Armenia and Azerbaijan |url=https://neweasterneurope.eu/2022/09/20/armenia-azerbaijan-pelosi-russia-ukraine/ |access-date=2023-05-02 |website=New Eastern Europe |language=en-GB |quote=The September clashes were the most serious armed incident between Armenia and Azerbaijan since the 2020 Karabakh war...however, this time the clashes took place along their shared southern border (not the contested region).}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Kucera |first=Joshua |date=2022-09-14 |title=Fighting continues on Armenia-Azerbaijan border |work=Eurasianet |url=https://eurasianet.org/fighting-continues-on-armenia-azerbaijan-border |quote=It is the first time that Azerbaijan has struck targets in large numbers inside Armenian territory; most fighting between the two sides has previously taken place in and around Nagorno-Karabakh, internationally recognized as Azerbaijani territory.}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Mgdesyan |first=Arshaluis |date=2022-09-14 |title=Attacks on Armenia highlight ongoing disputes over "corridor" for Azerbaijan |work=Eurasianet |url=https://eurasianet.org/attacks-on-armenia-highlight-ongoing-disputes-over-corridor-for-azerbaijan |quote=...Azerbaijan launched a series of unprecedented attacks against targets inside southern Armenia this week...}}</ref> Casualties were reported on both sides.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Demourian |first=Avet |date=14 September 2022 |title=Armenia, Azerbaijan agree on cease-fire to end fighting |url=https://apnews.com/article/russia-ukraine-azerbaijan-armenia-government-and-politics-bbf809ad3d368fa9c5c497a2d79e22d6 |website=Associated Press}}</ref> Between 19 and 20 September 2023, Azerbaijan initiated a military offensive against the [[Political status of Nagorno-Karabakh|self-declared]] breakaway state of [[Republic of Artsakh|Artsakh]]. The offensive took place in the disputed region of [[Nagorno-Karabakh]], which is internationally recognized as a part of Azerbaijan, but populated by [[Armenians]].<ref>{{Cite news |title=Azerbaijan Launches Offensive in Breakaway Nagorno-Karabakh, Children Among Casualties |newspaper=Radiofreeeurope/Radioliberty |url=https://www.rferl.org/a/azerbaijan-armenia-karabakh-mine-explosions/32599318.html |url-status=live |access-date=19 September 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230919124810/https://www.rferl.org/a/azerbaijan-armenia-karabakh-mine-explosions/32599318.html |archive-date=19 September 2023}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=19 September 2023 |title=Azerbaijani forces strike Armenian-controlled Karabakh, raising risk of new Caucasus war |newspaper=Reuters |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/azerbaijan-says-six-its-citizens-were-killed-by-land-mines-karabakh-2023-09-19/ |url-status=live |access-date=19 September 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230919114910/https://www.reuters.com/world/azerbaijan-says-six-its-citizens-were-killed-by-land-mines-karabakh-2023-09-19/ |archive-date=19 September 2023}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=19 September 2023 |title=Azerbaijan launches attack in Nagorno-Karabakh, announces 'evacuation' of Armenian population |url=https://www.politico.eu/article/azerbaijan-launch-anti-terror-operation-nagorno-karabakh-armenia/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230919100027/https://www.politico.eu/article/azerbaijan-launch-anti-terror-operation-nagorno-karabakh-armenia/ |archive-date=19 September 2023 |access-date=19 September 2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Ilyushina |first1=Mary |date=19 September 2023 |title=Fighting flares between Azerbaijan and Armenia in Nagorno-Karabakh |newspaper=The Washington Post |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/2023/09/19/nagorno-karabakh-azerbaijan-armenia/ |url-status=live |access-date=19 September 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230919200531/https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/2023/09/19/nagorno-karabakh-azerbaijan-armenia/ |archive-date=19 September 2023 |quote=Azerbaijan and Armenia have repeatedly clashed over Nagorno-Karabakh, which is internationally recognized as part of Azerbaijan but largely populated by ethnic Armenians and largely governed by the unrecognized Republic of Artsakh.}}</ref> The attacks occurred in the midst of an escalating crisis caused by Azerbaijan [[Blockade of the Republic of Artsakh (2022–present)|blockading the Republic of Artsakh]], which has resulted in significant scarcities of essential supplies such as food, medicine, and other goods in the affected region.<ref name=":02">{{Cite web |last=Roth |first=Andrew |date=19 September 2023 |title=Azerbaijan launches 'anti-terrorist' campaign in disputed Nagorno-Karabakh region |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2023/sep/19/azerbaijan-launches-anti-terrorist-campaign-in-disputed-nagorno-karabakh-region |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230919111008/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2023/sep/19/azerbaijan-launches-anti-terrorist-campaign-in-disputed-nagorno-karabakh-region |archive-date=19 September 2023 |access-date=19 September 2023 |website=[[The Guardian]]}}</ref>

 

The 2019–2021 Persian Gulf crisis has led to the [[attack on the United States embassy in Baghdad]] during the start of the decade, the subsequent [[assassination of Qasem Soleimani]] by the United States days later, the [[2020 Iranian attack on U.S. forces in Iraq|Iranian attack on U.S. forces in Iraq]] in revenge, as well as the accidental shootdown of [[Ukraine International Airlines Flight 752]] by Iran soon after.

 

The [[Northwestern Syria offensive (December 2019–March 2020)|2019–2020 northwestern Syria offensive]], codenamed was a military operation launched by the [[Syrian Armed Forces|armed forces]] of the [[Syrian Arab Republic]], [[Russia]], [[Iran]], [[Hezbollah]] and other allied militias against [[Syrian opposition]] and allied fighters of the [[Turkish-backed Free Syrian Army|Syrian National Army]], [[Hayat Tahrir al-Sham]], [[Rouse the Believers Operations Room]], the [[Turkistan Islamic Party in Syria|Turkistan Islamic Party]], and other rebel and [[Salafi jihadist]]<ref>{{cite web|date=9 January 2020|title=After 9 days of bloody clashes, Hayyaat Tahrir al-Sham with the "jihadi" factions control about 80% of the area of what is left for the opposition factions within Syrian territory|url=https://www.syriahr.com/en/111974/|website=syriahr.com}}</ref> forces.<ref name="auto1">{{Cite web|title=Nearly 700,000 Displaced in NW Syria as Regime Fire Spikes|url=https://aawsat.com/english/home/article/2124516/nearly-700000-displaced-nw-syria-regime-fire-spikes|website=Asharq AL-awsat|access-date=2021-06-24|archive-date=2020-02-29|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200229210728/https://aawsat.com/english/home/article/2124516/nearly-700000-displaced-nw-syria-regime-fire-spikes|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Russian, Syrian Regime Forces Step Up Attacks on Rebel Stronghold Idlib|url=https://www.voanews.com/extremism-watch/russian-syrian-regime-forces-step-attacks-rebel-stronghold-idlib|website=Voice of America|date=8 December 2019 }}</ref>

 

 

A [[Syria missile strikes (January 2021)|series of airstrikes]] were carried out by the [[Israeli Air Force]] on multiple Iranian-linked targets in the [[Deir ez-Zor Governorate]] of [[Syria]] on 13 January 2021.<ref>{{cite web|date=2021-01-13|title=Suspected Israeli strikes on Iran-linked targets 'kill dozens'|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-55646298|website=BBC News}}</ref> More airstrikes were launched the following February. Later that same month, the [[United States Armed Forces|United States military]] carried out an [[airstrike]] on a site which it believed to have been occupied by [[Iran]]ian-backed [[Iraq]]i [[militia]]s operating from across the border in eastern [[Syria]].<ref>{{cite web|title=U.S. bombs facilities in Syria used by Iran-backed militia|url=https://www.nbcnews.com/news/us-news/u-s-bombs-facilities-syria-used-iran-backed-militia-n1258912|access-date=26 February 2021|website=NBC News|date=26 February 2021 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=U.S. Launches Military Airstrikes Against Iranian-Backed Militants In Syria|url=https://www.npr.org/2021/02/25/971611130/u-s-launches-military-airstrikes-against-iranian-militants-in-syria|access-date=26 February 2021|website=NPR|date=25 February 2021 |last1=Romo |first1=Vanessa }}</ref><ref>[https://english.alaraby.co.uk/analysis/syria-2022-deadlock-violence-and-possible-famine Syria in 2022: Deadlock, violence, and a possible famine], Analysis, Paul McLoughlin, 31 December 2021.</ref> The US-led coalition continued to hit targets in Syria, as part of what it described as a war against ISIS.<ref>[https://www.arabnews.com/node/1998131/middle-east US-led coalition hits rocket launch sites in Syria], January 04, 2022, arabnews website.</ref>

 

{{Excerpt|2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine}}

 

{{category tree all|2020s in law|mode=all|depth=1|header=}}

 

 

 

{{excerpt|Arab Winter}}

 

The [[European Union]] reduced in member states from 28 to 27 with the exit of the [[United Kingdom]] on January 31, 2020. The response to the COVID-19 pandemic caused a rift between Northern and Southern European member states over spending, with the former demanding more stringent measures to curb overspending, while the latter argued for more financial support in order to overcome the crisis.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-03-27|title=Dutch try to calm north-south economic storm over coronavirus|url=https://www.politico.eu/article/netherlands-try-to-calm-storm-over-repugnant-finance-ministers-comments/|access-date=2020-12-10|website=POLITICO|language=en-US}}</ref> A key issue of contention was the issuing of so-called [[Eurobond (eurozone)|corona bonds]]. After a historic debt-sharing deal for economic stimulus was agreed to by the remaining countries, [[Hungary]] and [[Poland]] threatened to veto both it and the EU's budget unless a clause demanding the upholding of the [[rule of law]] by member states was dropped.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Poland, Hungary face growing calls to drop EU budget veto |date=2020-08-12|url=https://www.dw.com/en/poland-hungary-face-growing-calls-to-drop-eu-budget-veto/a-55865991|access-date=2020-12-09|website=Deutsche Welle|language=en-GB}}</ref> A compromise was reached to pass the deal, which involved delaying the implementation of the clause.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-12-10|title=EU leaders back deal to end budget blockade by Hungary and Poland|url=https://www.politico.eu/article/deal-reached-to-unblock-eu-budget-and-recovery-fund/|access-date=2020-12-16|website=POLITICO|language=en-US}}</ref>

 

The pink tide showed signs of resurging following a series of violent protests against [[austerity]] measures and [[income inequality]] scattered throughout [[Latin America]], including the [[2019–20 Chilean protests|2019-2020 Chilean protests]], [[2019–2020 Colombian protests]], [[2018–19 Haitian protests]], and the [[2021 Colombian protests]].<ref name="eng">{{cite news |date=23 December 2019 |title=Resurgence of the 'Pink Tide'? Revisiting Left Politics in Latin America |agency=EPW Engage |url=https://www.epw.in/engage/article/resurgence-pink-tide-revisiting-left-politics |access-date=17 April 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Prashad |first1=Vijay |date=December 6, 2019 |title=Latin America: Return of the Pink Tide |agency=Fronteline |url=https://frontline.thehindu.com/world-affairs/article30025582.ece |access-date=17 April 2021}}</ref> This development was strengthened by the landslide victory of left-wing [[Movement for Socialism (Bolivia)|MAS]] and its presidential candidate [[Luis Arce]] in [[Bolivia]] in the [[2020 Bolivian general election]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Luis Arce wins landslide in Bolivian elections |work=www.aa.com.tr |url=https://www.aa.com.tr/en/americas/luis-arce-wins-landslide-in-bolivian-elections/2017297}}</ref> The trend continued throughout 2021, when multiple left wing leaders won elections in Latin America. In the [[2021 Peruvian general election]], Peru elected the indigenous, socialist union leader [[Pedro Castillo]]. In November 2021, [[Honduras]] [[2021 Honduran general election|elected]] leftist president [[Xiomara Castro]],<ref>{{Cite web |last=Arsenault |first=Chris |date=2021-12-14 |title=How left-wing forces are regaining ground in Latin America |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/features/2021/12/14/how-left-wing-forces-are-regaining-ground-in-latin-america |url-status=live |access-date=2021-12-21 |website=www.aljazeera.com |publisher=[[Al Jazeera Media Network|Al Jazeera]] |language=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211214153825/https://www.aljazeera.com/features/2021/12/14/how-left-wing-forces-are-regaining-ground-in-latin-america |archive-date=2021-12-14 }}</ref> and just weeks later, left-winger [[Gabriel Boric]] won the [[2021 Chilean general election|2021 Chilean election]].<ref>{{Cite web |last1=Luna |first1=Patricia |last2=Goodman |first2=Joshua |date=2021-12-19 |title=Leftist millennial wins election as Chile's next president |url=https://apnews.com/article/elections-caribbean-donald-trump-chile-santiago-5fc78a1fe1cb26a06839e8a7b59c8730 |url-status=live |access-date=2021-12-21 |website=[[Associated Press]] |language=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211219071555/https://apnews.com/article/elections-caribbean-donald-trump-chile-santiago-5fc78a1fe1cb26a06839e8a7b59c8730 |archive-date=2021-12-19 }}</ref>

 

 

On 8 January 2023, following the victory of [[Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva]] in the [[2022 Brazilian general election|Brazilian general elections of October 2022]], supporters of the previous president, [[Jair Bolsonaro]], attacked the [[Supreme Court of Brazil]], the [[National Congress of Brazil]] and the [[Planalto Presidential Palace]] in the [[Praça dos Três Poderes|Três Poderes Plaza]] in the capital, [[Brasília]]. Senator [[Veneziano Vital do Rêgo]], interim president of the [[Federal Senate (Brazil)|Federal Senate]], confirmed that rioters had breached the [[Chamber of Deputies (Brazil)|Chamber of Deputies]]' Green Hall and attempted to enter the Planalto Palace. Lula was not in Brasília at the time of the attack,<ref>{{cite web |last=Phillips |first=Tom |date=8 January 2023 |title=Jair Bolsonaro supporters storm Brazil's presidential palace and supreme court |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2023/jan/08/jair-bolsonaro-supporters-storm-brazils-presidential-palace-and-supreme-court |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230108191923/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2023/jan/08/jair-bolsonaro-supporters-storm-brazils-presidential-palace-and-supreme-court |archive-date=8 January 2023 |access-date= |website=[[The Guardian]] }}</ref><ref name="CNN">{{cite web |last=Rocha |first=Lucas |title=Manifestantes furam bloqueio, entram na Esplanada e invadem o Congresso Nacional |trans-title=Protesters break through the blockade, enter the Esplanade and invade the National Congress |url=https://www.cnnbrasil.com.br/politica/manifestantes-furam-bloqueio-e-entram-na-esplanada-em-brasilia/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230108184449/https://www.cnnbrasil.com.br/politica/manifestantes-furam-bloqueio-e-entram-na-esplanada-em-brasilia/ |archive-date=8 January 2023 |access-date=8 January 2023 |publisher=[[CNN Brazil]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |date=8 January 2023 |title=Bolsonaro supporters storm Brazilian Congress |work=BBC News |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-latin-america-64204860 |url-status=live |access-date=8 January 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230108190508/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-latin-america-64204860 |archive-date=8 January 2023}}</ref> and neither was Bolsonaro, who left Brazil for [[Orlando, Florida|Orlando]], United States, before Lula's inauguration.<ref>{{Cite news |last1=Araujo |first1=Gabriel |last2=Boadle |first2=Anthony |last3=McGeever |first3=Jamie |last4=McGeever |first4=Jamie |date=2023-01-09 |title=Bolsonaro in hospital, 1,000 supporters detained after Brasilia riots |language=en |work=Reuters |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/americas/brazil-investigates-who-led-anti-democratic-riots-capital-2023-01-09/ |url-status=live |access-date=2023-01-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230110083832/https://www.reuters.com/world/americas/brazil-investigates-who-led-anti-democratic-riots-capital-2023-01-09/ |archive-date=10 January 2023}}</ref>

 

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*{{Cite book |last=D'Anieri |first=Paul |authorlink=Paul D'Anieri|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ASysEAAAQBAJ |title=Ukraine and Russia |date=23 March 2023 |publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]] |isbn=978-1-009-31550-0 |oclc=1350843759| location=Cambridge}}

* {{Cite book |last=Middleton |first=Karen |author-link=Karen Middleton (journalist)|title=Albanese: Telling It Straight |publisher=[[Random House Australia]] |year=2016 |isbn=9781925324730}}

{{2020s articles|state=expanded}}

{{Overviews of the 2020s}}

{{Decades in politics}}

{{Political history}}

 

[[Category:2020s in politics| ]]

[[Category:21st century in politics| ]]

[[Category:Contemporary history]]