Content deleted Content added
I corrected his nationality because he was Ukrainian-American and not just American geneticist etc. Tags: Reverted Mobile edit Mobile web edit |
Citation bot (talk | contribs) Added bibcode. | Use this bot. Report bugs. | Suggested by Grimes2 | Category:Foreign members of the Royal Society | #UCB_Category 355/746 |
||
| (3 intermediate revisions by 3 users not shown) | |||
Line 14:
| death_place = [[Davis, California]], US
| fields = [[Evolutionary biology]], [[genetics]]
| workplaces = [[Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv|University of Kiev]] <small>(1921–1924)</small><ref name="Theodosius Dobzhansky 1900-1975">{{cite journal |last1=Ayala |first1=Francisco J. |title=Theodosius Dobzhansky: The man and the scientist
| alma_mater = [[Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv|University of Kiev]]
| doctoral_advisor = [[Yuri Filipchenko]]
Line 28:
|children= [[Sophie Coe]]
}}
'''Theodosius Grigorievich Dobzhansky''' ({{langx|ru|Феодо́сий Григо́рьевич Добржа́нский}}; {{langx|uk|Теодо́сій Григо́рович Добржа́нський}}; January 25, 1900 – December 18, 1975) was an
His 1937 work ''[[Genetics and the Origin of Species]]'' became a major influence on the modern synthesis. He was awarded the U.S. [[National Medal of Science]] in 1964<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.nsf.gov/od/nms/recip_details.cfm?recip_id=107|title=The President's National Medal of Science: Recipient Details - NSF - National Science Foundation|website=Nsf.gov|access-date=2 December 2017}}</ref> and the [[Franklin Medal]] in 1973.
Line 55:
Dobzhansky was renowned as the president of the [[Genetics Society of America]] in 1941, president of the [[American Society of Naturalists]] in 1950, president of the [[Society for the Study of Evolution]] in 1951, president of the [[American Society of Zoologists]] in 1963, a member of the board of directors of the [[American Eugenics Society]] in 1964, and president of the American [[Pierre Teilhard de Chardin|Teilhard de Chardin]] Association in 1969.<ref name=":Vucinich" /><ref name=":2" />
Dobzhansky's research and studies allowed him to travel the world and receive honorary degrees in Australia, Belgium, Brazil, Canada, Denmark, England, Germany, Italy, Japan, and Sweden.<ref>{{Cite journal|date=1977|title=Theodosius Dobzhansky (1900-1975)|journal=The American Naturalist|volume=111|issue=977|pages=1–2|jstor=2459974|doi=10.1086/283133|bibcode=1977ANat..111....1. |s2cid=36378854}}</ref>
=== ''Genetics and the Origin of Species'' ===
Line 62:
The first edition of ''Genetics and the Origin of Species'' (1937) highlighted the most recent discoveries in genetics and how they applied to the concept of evolution.<ref name=":3" /> The book starts by addressing the problem of evolution and how modern discoveries in genetics could help find a solution. The book covers the chromosomal basis of [[Mendelian inheritance|Mendelian Inheritance]], how the effects from changes in chromosomes greater than gene mutations are common and acceptable, and how mutations form racial and specific differences.<ref name=":5">{{Cite journal|last=Zirkle|first=Conway|date=1939|title=Review of Genetics and the Origin of Species|journal=Isis|volume=30|issue=1|pages=128–131|jstor=225596|doi=10.1086/347504}}</ref> Dobzhansky explained how three levels could describe the processes of evolutionary population genetics: (1) the origin of raw materials by mutations of genes and chromosomes, (2) the changes in populations by changes in frequencies and combinations of mutations, (3) the fixation of changes by reproductive isolation.<ref name=":4" /> To support his writing and research, the bibliography was twenty-eight pages long with around six hundred sources.<ref name=":5" />
In Dobzhansky's second edition of ''Genetics and the Origin of Species'' (1941), four years had gone by and he was able to add more research and advancements made in genetics. Around half of the new research he found was added to the last two chapters in his book: Patterns of Evolution, and Species as Natural Units. In the second to last chapter, Patterns of Evolution, Dobzhansky explained how on the path to a new adaptation, a method could be used to where a species could go through a less adaptive stage. The last chapter, Species as Natural Units, Dobzhansky explained some of the contributions made in genetics to what was called "the new systematics
In the third revision of ''Genetics and the Origin of Species'' (1951), Dobzhansky rewrote all ten chapters on: Isolating Mechanisms, Mutation in Populations, Organic Diversity, Heredity and Mutation, Race Formation, Selection, Adaptive Polymorphism, Hybrid Sterility, Species as Natural Units, and Patterns of Evolution. Dobzhansky decided to remove the chapter on Polyploidy in the third edition.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Andrews|first=Ted F.|date=1952|title=Review of Genetics and the Origin of Species|journal=The American Biology Teacher|volume=14|issue=7|pages=196|doi=10.2307/4438411|jstor=4438411}}</ref> The new chapter on Adaptive Polymorphism highlighted Dobzhansky's research since the second edition. He included precise, quantitative evidence on effective [[natural selection]] in laboratory and free populations.<ref name=":4" />
Line 76:
Dobzhansky's wife Natasha died of [[coronary thrombosis]] on February 22, 1969.<ref>{{Cite book|last1=Ayala|first1=Francisco Jos_|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=G9DUWFaM-kMC&q=Dobzhansky%27s+wife+Natasha+died+of+coronary+thrombosis+on+February+22%2C+1969.&pg=PT13|title=Genetics and the Origin of Species: From Darwin to Molecular Biology, 60 Years After Dobzhansky|last2=Fitch|first2=Walter M.|date=1997-01-01|publisher=National Academies Press|isbn=978-0-309-05877-3|language=en}}</ref> Earlier (on June 1, 1968), Theodosius had been diagnosed with [[lymphocytic leukemia]] (a chronic form of leukemia), and had been given a few months to a few years to live. He retired in 1971, moving to the [[University of California, Davis]] where his student [[Francisco J. Ayala]] had been made assistant professor, and where he continued working as an emeritus professor. He published one of his most famous essays "[[Nothing in Biology Makes Sense Except in the Light of Evolution]]" in 1973, influenced by the paleontologist and priest [[Pierre Teilhard de Chardin]].
By 1975, his leukemia had become more severe, and on November 11 he traveled to [[San Jacinto,
===Evolution and God===
| |||