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'''Macmillan Inc.''' was an American book [[publishing company]] originally established as the American division of the [[United Kingdom|British]] [[Macmillan Publishers]]. The two were later separated and acquired by other companies, with the remnants of the original American division of Macmillan present in [[McGraw-Hill Education]]'s Macmillan/McGraw-Hill textbooks, [[Gale (publisher)|Gale]]'s Macmillan Reference USA division, and some trade imprints of [[Simon & Schuster]] ([[Charles Scribner's Sons|Scribner]], [[Free Press (publisher)|Free Press]], and [[Atheneum Books]]) that were transferred when both companies were owned by [[Paramount Communications]].
The German publisher [[Georg von Holtzbrinck Publishing Group|Holtzbrinck]], which bought the British Macmillan in 1999, purchased
==Company history==
===Brett family===
[[George Edward Brett]] opened the first Macmillan office in the United States in 1869
George P. Brett Jr. made the following comments in a letter dated 23 January 1947 to Daniel Macmillan about his family's devotion to the American publishing industry:
<blockquote>For the record my grandfather was employed by Macmillan's of England as a salesman. He came to the United States with his family in the service of Macmillan's of England and built up a business of approximately $50,000 before he died. He was succeeded . . . by my father, who eventually incorporated The Macmillan Company of New York and built up business of about $9,000,000. I succeeded my father, and we currently doing a business of approximately $12,000,000. So then, the name of Brett and the name of Macmillan have been and are synonymous in the United States.</blockquote>
Under the leadership of the Brett family, Macmillan served as the publisher of American authors The Bretts remained in control of the American offices of Macmillan from its creation in 1869 to the early 1960s, "a span matched by few other families in the history of United States business."<ref name=autogenerated1 />
Macmillan Publishers sold its stake in Macmillan US in 1951 and later re-entered the American publishing industry with the founding of [[St. Martin's Press]] in 1952.<ref name=":0" />
====Velikovsky's ''Worlds in Collision''====
===Mergers and end===
Macmillan US merged with [[Crowell Collier Publishing Company]] in 1961. The
In 1979, [[Thomas Mellon Evans]] bought a large stake in Macmillan Inc. Macmillan Inc. then was bid on by [[Mattel]] and [[American Broadcasting Company|ABC]], only for an acquisition by ABC to break down.<ref>{{Cite news| issn = 0362-4331| title = Business People| work = The New York Times| access-date = 2019-11-10| date = 1979-12-04| url = https://www.nytimes.com/1979/12/04/archives/business-people-bergerac-and-revlon-lifelong-marriage-now.html| archive-date = 2020-08-20| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200820230741/https://www.nytimes.com/1979/12/04/archives/business-people-bergerac-and-revlon-lifelong-marriage-now.html| url-status = live}}</ref> Macmillan Inc. then sold several non-publishing divisions. In 1980, Macmillan Inc. sold musical instrument maker [[C.G. Conn]].<ref>{{Cite web| title = Tribute: Daniel Henkin| access-date = 2019-11-10| url = http://digitaleditions.sheridan.com/article/Tribute%3A+Daniel+Henkin/1238323/135263/article.html}}</ref> In 1981, Macmillan Inc. sold [[Hagstrom Map]], the bookstore [[Brentano's]] and the printer Alco‐Gravure.<ref name=nyt-1981jul25>{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1981/07/25/business/officers-may-buy-brentano-s.html |title=Officers May Buy Brentano's |newspaper=[[The New York Times]] |date=July 25, 1981 |first=Eric |last=Pace |access-date=November 10, 2019 |archive-date=November 10, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191110220953/https://www.nytimes.com/1981/07/25/business/officers-may-buy-brentano-s.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name=wsj-1981aug04>{{cite news |url=https://www.proquest.com/docview/134615043 |title=Macmillan Completes Sale Of Brentano's Bookstore Unit |newspaper=[[The Wall Street Journal]] |date=August 4, 1981 |page=39 |author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--> |url-access=subscription |access-date=November 10, 2019 |archive-date=December 6, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171206005955/https://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/djreprints/doc/134615043.html |
In 1981, Macmillan Inc. acquired the children's publisher Bradbury Press.<ref>{{Cite news| issn = 0362-4331| title = Briefs| work = The New York Times| access-date = 2019-11-10| date = 1982-12-07| url = https://www.nytimes.com/1982/12/07/business/briefs-081507.html| archive-date = 2019-11-10| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20191110215358/https://www.nytimes.com/1982/12/07/business/briefs-081507.html| url-status = live}}</ref> In 1982, Macmillan Inc. sold its British division, [[Cassell (publisher)|Cassell]], to [[CBS]].<ref>{{Cite news| issn = 0362-4331| title = Macmillan Unit Acquired by CBS| work = The New York Times| access-date = 2019-11-10| date = 1982-05-18| url = https://www.nytimes.com/1982/05/18/business/macmillan-unit-acquired-by-cbs.html| archive-date = 2018-07-02| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20180702233545/https://www.nytimes.com/1982/05/18/business/macmillan-unit-acquired-by-cbs.html| url-status = live}}</ref> In 1984, Macmillan Inc. acquired the [[Charles Scribner's Sons|Scribner Book Companies]] and the textbook publishers Sieber & McIntyre, Dellen Publishing, and Pennwell Books.<ref>{{Cite news| issn = 0362-4331| last = Wiggins| first = Philip H.| title = Market Place; Textbook Stock Outlook (Published 1984)| work = The New York Times| access-date = 2020-11-21| date = 1984-11-07| url = https://www.nytimes.com/1984/11/07/business/market-place-textbook-stock-outlook.html}}</ref> The following year, Macmillan Inc. acquired the publishing operations of [[ITT Inc.|ITT]] ([[Sams Publishing|Sams]], [[Bobbs-Merrill Company|Bobbs-Merrill]], legal publisher Michie Co., trade magazine company Intertec, [[Marquis Who's Who]], and [[G. K. Hall & Co.]]).<ref>{{Cite news| issn = 0099-9660| pages = 1| title = Macmillan Agrees To Purchase ITT's Publishing Business| work = Wall Street Journal, Eastern edition| location = New York| date = 1985-03-06| id = {{ProQuest|397927462}}}}</ref> Bobbs-Merrill was subsequently closed, with its remaining books moved to Macmillan.<ref>{{Cite news| issn = 0362-4331| last = McDowell| first = Edwin| title = Two Publishers, Bobbs-Merrill and Dial, Being Dissolved| work = The New York Times| access-date = 2019-10-21| date = 1985-04-24| url = https://www.nytimes.com/1985/04/24/books/two-publishers-bobbs-merrill-and-dial-being-dissolved.html| archive-date = 2019-10-21| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20191021044041/https://www.nytimes.com/1985/04/24/books/two-publishers-bobbs-merrill-and-dial-being-dissolved.html| url-status = live}}</ref> In 1986, Macmillan Inc. sold the music publisher [[G. Schirmer, Inc.]] to [[Music Sales Group]].<ref>{{Cite news| issn = 0362-4331| title = G. Schirmer Is Sold| work = The New York Times| access-date = 2019-11-10| date = 1986-05-16| url = https://www.nytimes.com/1986/05/16/arts/g-schirmer-is-sold.html| archive-date = 2019-11-10| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20191110224958/https://www.nytimes.com/1986/05/16/arts/g-schirmer-is-sold.html| url-status = live}}</ref> In 1987, Macmillan Inc. acquired the educational publisher Laidlaw from [[Doubleday (publisher)|Doubleday]].<ref>{{Cite web| last = Storch| first = Charles| title = 47% OF STAFF AT LAIDLAW GET THE AX| work = Chicago Tribune| access-date = 2019-11-10| url = https://www.chicagotribune.com/news/ct-xpm-1987-06-05-8702110613-story.html| archive-date = 2019-11-10| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20191110193407/https://www.chicagotribune.com/news/ct-xpm-1987-06-05-8702110613-story.html| url-status = live}}</ref> In 1988, Macmillan Inc. acquired the educational publisher Jossey-Bass.<ref>{{Cite web| title = Two Publishers Illustrate Why Ownership Matters| work = Fifty by Fifty| accessdate = 2021-03-13| date = 2019-06-26| url = https://www.fiftybyfifty.org/2019/06/two-publishers-illustrate-why-ownership-matters/| archive-date = 2021-04-18| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20210418195123/https://www.fiftybyfifty.org/2019/06/two-publishers-illustrate-why-ownership-matters/| url-status = live}}</ref>
The company was acquired by the controversial British tycoon [[Robert Maxwell]]'s [[Maxwell Communication Corporation]] in 1989. Later in 1989, Macmillan acquired [[Prentice Hall]] Information from [[Simon & Schuster]] and sold Intertec, Macmillan Book Clubs, and Gryphon Editions to [[RentPath|K-III Communications]].<ref>{{Cite news| issn = 0458-3035| pages = 3| title = P. M. Briefing 2 Simon & Schuster Units Sold: [P.M. Final Edition]| work = Los Angeles Times | location = Los Angeles, Calif.| date = 1989-10-31| id = {{ProQuest|280803448}}}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news | issn = 0362-4331 | title = The Media Business; Macmillan and Maxwell Sell Four Units to Kohlberg | work = The New York Times | access-date = 2014-08-23 | date = 1988-12-02 | url = https://www.nytimes.com/1988/12/02/business/the-media-business-macmillan-and-maxwell-sell-four-units-to-kohlberg.html | archive-date = 2014-08-26 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20140826121243/http://www.nytimes.com/1988/12/02/business/the-media-business-macmillan-and-maxwell-sell-four-units-to-kohlberg.html | url-status = live }}</ref> Maxwell Macmillan Professional and Business Reference Publishing (the former Prentice Hall division) was sold to [[Thomson Corporation|Thomson]] Professional Publishing.<ref>{{Cite news| issn = 0362-4331| title = Maxwell's Auction Fails For a 2d Time| work = The New York Times| access-date = 2019-10-21| date = 1991-09-21| url = https://www.nytimes.com/1991/09/21/business/maxwell-s-auction-fails-for-a-2d-time.html| archive-date = 2019-10-21| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20191021041012/https://www.nytimes.com/1991/09/21/business/maxwell-s-auction-fails-for-a-2d-time.html| url-status = live}}</ref> Macmillan's directories (led by [[Marquis Who's Who]] and National Register Publishing) were sold to [[Reed International|Reed Publishing]].<ref>{{Cite web| title = Macmillan directories go to Reed for $146 million| work = Publishers Weekly| access-date = 2019-12-22| date = 1991-10-18| url = http://link.galegroup.com/apps/doc/A11409662/LitRC?sid=lms}}</ref> Michie was sold to [[LexisNexis|Mead]].<ref>{{cite news | title = Macmillan Agrees to Sell Michie to Mead |
Maxwell died in 1991, and Macmillan began selling properties and eventually filed for bankruptcy. Paramount acquired Macmillan Computer Publishing.<ref>{{Cite news| issn = 0362-4331| title = The Media Business; Macmillan Computer| work = The New York Times| access-date = 2019-10-21| date = 1991-11-14| url = https://www.nytimes.com/1991/11/14/business/the-media-business-macmillan-computer.html| archive-date = 2020-09-02| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200902043542/https://www.nytimes.com/1991/11/14/business/the-media-business-macmillan-computer.html| url-status = live}}</ref> Standard Rate & Data Service was sold to [[OAG (company)|OAG]], a sister Maxwell company.<ref>{{Cite web| title = STRIPPED-DOWN SRDS FOCUSES ON CORE AD BIZ| work = Crain's Chicago Business| access-date = 2019-11-10| date = 1995-12-09| url = https://www.chicagobusiness.com/article/19951209/ISSUE01/10008233/stripped-down-srds-focuses-on-core-ad-biz| archive-date = 2020-08-13| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200813090722/https://www.chicagobusiness.com/article/19951209/ISSUE01/10008233/stripped-down-srds-focuses-on-core-ad-biz| url-status = live}}</ref> ''[[Collier's Encyclopedia]]'' was sold to [[Planeta Group|Planeta]] and [[DeAgostini]].<ref>{{Cite news| issn = 0099-9660| pages = 6| title = European publishers agree jointly to buy Maxwell's P. F. Collier| work = Wall Street Journal, Eastern edition; New York, N.Y.| location = New York| date = 1993-09-08| id = {{ProQuest|398360936}}}}</ref> What remaining of Macmillan Inc. was eventually sold to [[Simon & Schuster]]/[[Paramount Communications]] for $552.8 million and finalized in February 1994.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Lyall|first=Sarah|date=1994-01-24|title=THE MEDIA BUSINESS; Paramount Publishing to Cut Jobs and Books|language=en-US|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1994/01/24/business/the-media-business-paramount-publishing-to-cut-jobs-and-books.html|access-date=2020-10-01|issn=0362-4331|archive-date=2021-12-11|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211211194933/https://www.nytimes.com/1994/01/24/business/the-media-business-paramount-publishing-to-cut-jobs-and-books.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=February 28, 1994|title=Paramount completes acquisition of Macmillan|url=https://www.upi.com/Archives/1994/02/28/Paramount-completes-acquisition-of-Macmillan/4463762411600/|access-date=2020-10-01|work=United Press International|language=en|archive-date=2021-03-05|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210305210548/https://www.upi.com/Archives/1994/02/28/Paramount-completes-acquisition-of-Macmillan/4463762411600/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Corporate History|url=https://about.simonandschuster.biz/corporate-history/|access-date=2020-10-01|website=News and Corporate Information about Simon & Schuster, Inc.|language=en-US|archive-date=2021-01-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210122060721/https://about.simonandschuster.biz/corporate-history/|url-status=live}}</ref> (At the time, [[Viacom (1971-2005)|Viacom]] had just purchased S&S via the acquisition of its former parent company [[Gulf+Western|Paramount Communications]]; it was owned for several years by corporate successor [[Paramount Global]] and now owned by [[Kohlberg Kravis Roberts]].) The Macmillan and Atheneum adult trade publications were merged into Scribner.<ref>{{Cite web| title = Paramount putting its stamp on Macmillan| work = Publishers Weekly| access-date = 2019-10-15| date = 1994-01-31| url = http://link.galegroup.com/apps/doc/A14815232/LitRC?sid=googlescholar}}</ref> Macmillan Publishing USA became the name of Simon & Schuster's reference division (while Macmillan Inc. became simply a legal name for it). [[Pearson PLC|Pearson]] acquired the Macmillan name in America in 1998, following its purchase of the Simon & Schuster educational and professional group (which included Macmillan Inc. and its properties).<ref name="Milliot" /> Pearson merged the acquired Simon & Schuster divisions with Addison Wesley Longman to form [[Pearson Education]] (including Macmillan Computer Publishing).<ref name=":1">{{cite web |last1=Milliot |first1=Jim |last2=Baker |first2=John F. |date=5 July 1999 |title=IDG Books Buys Macmillan General Reference |url=https://www.publishersweekly.com/pw/print/19990705/24783-idg-books-buys-macmillan-general-reference.html |access-date=15 October 2019 |work=PublishersWeekly.com}}</ref> Pearson closed the children's reference imprints of Macmillan Library Reference in preparation for a sale.<ref>{{Cite web| title = Six Macmillan Library Kids Imprints Closed| work = Publishers Weekly| access-date = 2019-10-15| url = https://www.publishersweekly.com/pw/print/19990531/40646-six-macmillan-library-kids-imprints-closed.html| archive-date = 2019-10-15| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20191015060507/https://www.publishersweekly.com/pw/print/19990531/40646-six-macmillan-library-kids-imprints-closed.html| url-status = live}}</ref> Pearson sold the Macmillan Reference USA division (which included [[Charles Scribner's Sons|Scribner]] Reference and G. K. Hall) to [[Gale (publisher)|Thomson Gale]] and Macmillan General Reference (except [[Complete Idiot's Guides]]) to [[International Data Group|IDG Books]] in 1999.<ref name=":1" /><ref>{{cite web |date=28 June 1999 |title=Macmillan Library Units to Join Gale |url=https://www.publishersweekly.com/pw/print/19990628/34076-macmillan-library-units-to-join-gale.html |access-date=15 October 2019 |work=PublishersWeekly.com}}</ref>
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===Holtzbrinck acquired Macmillan name in the United States===
Holtzbrinck purchased most of the rights to the Macmillan name from Pearson in 2001,<ref name="Bookseller">{{cite web | url=http://www.allbusiness.com/retail-trade/miscellaneous-retail-miscellaneous/4655423-1.html | title=Holtzbrinck shows Macmillan sales rise | work=[[The Bookseller]] | date=February 23, 2001 | access-date=September 30, 2016| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090401014333/http://www.allbusiness.com/retail-trade/miscellaneous-retail-miscellaneous/4655423-1.html | archive-date=April 1, 2009 |url-status=dead}}</ref> but not any of the businesses then associated with it. Holtzbrinck rebranded its
The online user-maintained database Jacketflap reports these constituent American publishers of Holtzbrinck's Macmillan division (August 2010):<ref>[http://www.jacketflap.com/macmillan-publisher-15464 "Publisher information: MacMillan"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120926175347/http://www.jacketflap.com/macmillan-publisher-15464 |date=2012-09-26 }}. JacketFlap. August 15, 2010. Retrieved 2012-08-30.</ref>
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